Gateshead, Windmill Hills, Windmill

HER Number:
3492

District:
Gateshead

Site Name:
Gateshead, Windmill Hills, Windmill

Place:
Gateshead

Map Sheet:
NZ26SW

Class:
Industrial

Site Type: Broad:
Wind Power Site

Site Type: Specific:
Windmill

General Period:
Post Medieval

Specific Period:
C17-C19

Form of Evidence:
Documentary Evidence

Description:
Windmill Hills was one of the areas of medieval common land of Gateshead. From the Middle Ages Gateshead was one of the main centres of milling in County Durham. MacKenzie, in his "History of Durham" published in 1834 wrote that Windmill Hills was "studded with corn mills which, seen at a distance, impart a lively and picturesque effect to the landscape". Richardson's mid19th century engraving of the area shows ten mills in the area, seven on Windmill Hills. In style these were windmills of the post-mill variety, having timber bodies and sails set upon brick or stone roundhouses, some of which were later turned into dwellings. All of Gatesheads mills were closed by 1890 and a report in the Evening Chronicle in 1927 marks the demolition of the last of the old windmills on Windmill Hills {2}. Windmill Hills has long formed an important open space close to the western edge of Gateshead. Early usage is likely to have been agricultural but by the C17 its elevated situation was recognised as useful for wind powered milling. In the later 18th century and19th century the Windmill Hills were used by the local militia as an exercise ground and by the populace of the town for recreational purposes. In 1861 it became Gateshead's first public park {3}. The borough-holders and freemen owned a mill on Windmill Hills known as the Borough Mill, which they leased out to a tenant. In 1837 it was advertised as "a large brick mill, situate on the Windmill Hills, Gateshead. There is a dressing mill, two pairs of large French stones, a pair of Blue stones, two dressing cylinders and a barley mill, ready for use; together with a neat garden, a small close of grass, large granary, dwelling house, stable, spacious yard and other appurtenances". The mill was not let and so was demolished and replaced by housing. The last mill on Windmill Hills was demolished in 1927 as recorded in the Newcastle Chronicle of 31 July 1927.

Easting:
2494

Northing:
6262

Grid Reference:
NZ24946262

Lats/Lons:

Sources:
<< HER 3492 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, c.1855, 6 inch scale, Durham, 2 I. Ayris & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p 58 Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 1999, Windmill Hills Town Park, Archaeological Assessment W. Muncaster, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2000, Windmill Hills Town Park, An Archaeological Evaluation