Byker, St Peter's Shipbuilding Yard and Engine Works

HER Number:
4174

District:
Newcastle

Site Name:
Byker, St Peter's Shipbuilding Yard and Engine Works

Place:
Byker

Map Sheet:
NZ26SE

Class:
Maritime

Site Type: Broad:
Dock and Harbour Installation

Site Type: Specific:
Dock

General Period:
Early Modern

Specific Period:
C19

Form of Evidence:
Documentary Evidence

Description:
There was an operational shipyard at St. Peter’s by the 1750s, owned and run by William Rowe. In 1804, 61 shipwrights (including 34 apprentices) worked at the yard and in that year, the largest graving dock on the Tyne was constructed there, capable of holding vessels with a draught of 12 feet. During the Napoleonic Wars, 12 vessels were constructed at the yard for the Admiralty. In 1810, the St. Peter’s yard was sold to the Smiths. It became the largest yard on the river over the first half of the century. In 1851, the Smiths installed two large covered building berths, the first such structures on the Tyne. They were designed, and their fabrication at the yard supervised, by the Glasgow engineering firm Bell and Miller. In one of the berths was constructed the largest wooden vessel ever produced on the river, the 2,500 ton, 245 feet long warship Carlo Alberta. The 1st edition Ordnance Survey map shows Smith’s yard subsequent to the construction of the two building berths. The map also shows the large graving dock to the west of the covered berths, presumably the dock constructed in 1804. Rail lines link the covered berths, the dock and buildings beyond. The yard appears to be interrupted some way to the west of the dock by a chemical works, beyond which is a range of building slips, presumably within the same yard. By the 1860s, the St. Peter’s Yard was less significant to the company and in 1871was sold to R & W Hawthorn, who developed the site as a marine engineering works under the management of Francis Carr Marshall. Fitting out the yard cost Hawthorn’s £27,146. This included the cost of a massive pair of shearlegs set up on the fitting out quay, where engines were installed. In 1886, R&W Hawthorn, Leslie and Co. was formed as a limited liability company. On the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map the graving dock and the covered berths had been replaced by substantial structures which take up the middle portion of the yard. Cranes lie along the western half of the rationalised quayside. The rectilinear area on the western edge of the yard contains building slips, one angled obliquely to launch downriver. The 3rd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1921shows the yard expanded to the north-west, with no remaining evidence for slipways in the old western area of the yard along the riverside. By 1907, Hawthorn’s St. Peter’s Works had radically converted its production capabilities to meet Royal Navy requirements for steam turbines. In 1977, the (now styled) Hawthorn, Leslie (Engineers) Ltd. became a member of British Shipbuilders. Later, the yard merged with George Clark & NEM Ltd to form Clark Hawthorn Ltd. The yard continued to build engines up until the 1980s when it was reformed as Clark Kincaid, a crane manufactory. The yard has been demolished and the site now lies within the St Peter’s Basin residential development which includes a substantial marina.

Easting:
2752

Northing:
6353

Grid Reference:
NZ27526353

Lats/Lons:

Sources:
<< HER 4174 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97 The Archaeological Practice, 2002, Shipbuilding on Tyne and Wear - Prehistory to Present. Tyne & Wear Historic Environment Record. J.F. Clarke, 1979, Power on Land and Sea - A History of R & W Hawthorn Leslie and Co Ltd