According to the legend, the "Lambton Worm" coiled itself three times around the hill. Some say that this relates to Penshaw Hill where the Earl of Durham's Monument is located (HER 3094) - there are earthworks around Penshaw Hill. The young heir of the Lambton Estate, according to the rhyme, was finishing one Sunday when he was supposed to be at church, and caught an "evil-looking worm" which he tore off his hook and through down a well. Whilst the boy grew up and went abroad to fight, the worm grew in the well until it had the strength to climb out. Eventually it slithered out, basked on a rock during the day, and then coiled itself round the hill near Lambton Castle. It became the terror of the neighbourhood, eating sheep, lambs and cows, trampling cornfields and meadows. In desperation the farmers filled a trough in Lambton Castle with milk, and the worm drank the equivalent of the yield of nine cows every day. Many knights tried and failed to kill the worm. After seven years the young Lord of Lambton returned from battle. He consulted a witch who told him that after he had killed the worm, he must slay the first living thing he met, or the Lords of Lambton would be cursed, never to die in their beds for nine generations. Lord Lambton stood on a rock in the river, his armour studded with blades, and cut off part of the worm's tail. The worm coiled itself round the Lord's body and legs, and was cut by the spear blades on his armour. The Lord cut the creature into pieces, which were washed away by the River Wear. Seeing the death of the monster, the young Lord's father rushed to congratulate him. The son could not obey the witch's advise and so killed a hound which had come out of the wood. So the worm was slain, but it was said that for nine generations no Lord of Lambton died peacefully in his bed.
SITEASS
Not an archaeological site, but a significant local landmark connected with a local legend.
Site Type: Broad
Feature
SITEDESC
According to the legend, the "Lambton Worm" coiled itself three times around the hill. Some say that this relates to Penshaw Hill where the Earl of Durham's Monument is located (HER 3094) - there are earthworks around Penshaw Hill. The young heir of the Lambton Estate, according to the rhyme, was finishing one Sunday when he was supposed to be at church, and caught an "evil-looking worm" which he tore off his hook and through down a well. Whilst the boy grew up and went abroad to fight, the worm grew in the well until it had the strength to climb out. Eventually it slithered out, basked on a rock during the day, and then coiled itself round the hill near Lambton Castle. It became the terror of the neighbourhood, eating sheep, lambs and cows, trampling cornfields and meadows. In desperation the farmers filled a trough in Lambton Castle with milk, and the worm drank the equivalent of the yield of nine cows every day. Many knights tried and failed to kill the worm. After seven years the young Lord of Lambton returned from battle. He consulted a witch who told him that after he had killed the worm, he must slay the first living thing he met, or the Lords of Lambton would be cursed, never to die in their beds for nine generations. Lord Lambton stood on a rock in the river, his armour studded with blades, and cut off part of the worm's tail. The worm coiled itself round the Lord's body and legs, and was cut by the spear blades on his armour. The Lord cut the creature into pieces, which were washed away by the River Wear. Seeing the death of the monster, the young Lord's father rushed to congratulate him. The son could not obey the witch's advise and so killed a hound which had come out of the wood. So the worm was slain, but it was said that for nine generations no Lord of Lambton died peacefully in his bed.
Site Name
Worm Hill
Site Type: Specific
Natural Feature
HER Number
7852
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Frank H. Rushford, c1950, Houghton le Spring: A History, pp 80-81; Raymond Selkirk, 2001, Chester-le-Street & its place in History, pp 350-352
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
280
DAY1
04
DAY2
24
District
Sunderland
Easting
434310
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
549930
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
The Houghton Burn passes through the centre of Houghton. A Mr Coulson had an area of the burn excavated to create a lake. The lake is shown on the Ordnance Survey third edition map of 1919. It was a popular leisure resort for boating. The diversion of the burn affected the running of the flint mill (HER 3164) and so the owners protested for the stream to be restored to its former course. Eventually two brothers, Robinson, Darlington showmen, infilled the lake and made it into a showground where Houghton Feast (established to mark the anniversary of the dedication of St. Michael's Church) fairground was held. Also used as a football ground.
SITEASS
The site of the lake is recalled by the name "Lake Road".
Site Type: Broad
Water Feature
SITEDESC
The Houghton Burn passes through the centre of Houghton. In 1881 Joseph Coulson had an area of the burn excavated to create a lake. The lake is shown on the Ordnance Survey third edition map of 1919. It was a popular leisure resort for boating. The diversion of the burn affected the running of the flint mill (HER 3164) and so the owners protested for the stream to be restored to its former course. Eventually two brothers, Richardson (not Robertson as stated by several authors), Darlington showmen, infilled the lake and made it into a showground where Houghton Feast (established to mark the anniversary of the dedication of St. Michael's Church) fairground was held. Also used as a football ground. Houghton Burn was culverted in the 1930s. In 1967 a bus station was built on the site. Houghton Feast's fairground moved to Rectory Field on Dairy Lane. Today Houghton Enterprise Centre occupies the site of the lake.
Site Name
The Lake
Site Type: Specific
Ornamental Lake
HER Number
7851
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Frank H. Rushford, c1950, Houghton le Spring: A History, pp 32-33; Paul Lanagan, 2012, The ebb and flow of history guided The Lake's fortunes, Seaham and Houghton Star Wednesday 25 July 2012
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2013
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
264, 280
DAY1
04
District
Sunderland
Easting
434000
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
549700
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
Tradition says that Bernard Gilpin (rector of Houghton 1558) took a cutting from the thorn in the grounds of Glastonbury Abbey, which according to legend had been planted there by Joseph of Arimethea. Gilpin planted the thorn in the rectory grounds. Frank Rushford, in his book of c1950 described the thorn tree as "crabbed and gnarled with age, and supported here and there with timber, and yet still in a wonderful state of preservation. It is a historic object of which Houghtonians are not a little proud". Tree no longer there.
Site Type: Broad
Feature
SITEDESC
Tradition says that Bernard Gilpin (rector of Houghton 1557 to 1583) took a cutting from the thorn in the grounds of Glastonbury Abbey, which according to legend had been planted there by Joseph of Arimethea. Gilpin planted the thorn in the rectory grounds, north of the rectory (HER 264). In 1870 the tree was described as being '11 1/4 feet in length at 2 feet from the ground'. A drawing of the tree in 1938 shows the main branch supported by timber bracings. Frank Rushford, in his book of c1950 described the thorn tree as "crabbed and gnarled with age, and supported here and there with timber, and yet still in a wonderful state of preservation. It is a historic object of which Houghtonians are not a little proud". The tree died in 1992 due to vandalism. Cuttings were taken from the tree by council workers and planted in Washington. There is/was a plaque on the site in Rectory Park. Dated C16th.
Site Name
Rectory Park, Gilpin Thorn
Site Type: Specific
Natural Feature
HER Number
7850
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Frank H. Rushford, c1950, Houghton le Spring: A History, pp 29-30; Paul Lanagan, 2013, Houghton-le-Spring Rectory - A Walk Around the Grounds (www.houghtonlespring.org.uk); Paul Lanagan, 2006-2013, The Gilpin Thorn, www.houghtonlespring.org.uk; Northern Archaeological Associates Ltd. 2014, Rectory Park, Houghton-le-Spring, Archaeological Assessment and Building Recording
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
22
District
Newcastle
Easting
418660
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564470
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lemington
Description
Quay walls survive well between the site of the staithes, adjacent to the ironworks managers house and a point immediately south-east of the ironworks (approx. NZ 1847 eastwards to NZ 1866 6447). These walls probably pre-date the construction of a channel across Blaydon Haugh by the Tyne Improvement Commission in the 1850s which created the Gut and led to a waning of industrial development at Lemington (the ironworks already being closed/in decline by this time). The Gut survives as a silted cul-de-sac of the Tyne, preserving the quayside walls alodn with fragmentary remains of staithes and, probably, sunken boats in its silt.
Site Type: Broad
Water Regulation Installation
SITEDESC
Quay walls survive well between the site of the staithes, adjacent to the ironworks managers house and a point immediately south-east of the ironworks (approx. NZ 1847 eastwards to NZ 1866 6447). These walls probably pre-date the construction of a channel across Blaydon Haugh by the Tyne Improvement Commission in the 1850s which created the Gut and led to a waning of industrial development at Lemington (the ironworks already being closed/in decline by this time). The Gut survives as a silted cul-de-sac of the Tyne, preserving the quayside walls along with fragmentary remains of staithes and, probably, sunken boats in its silt.
This site was nominated for the Newcastle local list in 2022.
Site Name
Lemington Gut, quay walls
Site Type: Specific
Flood Defences
HER Number
7849
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 1999, Newburn Haugh: Archaeological Assessment, pp.28, 36 & 41. Unpublished report for WSP Environmental; Scott Wilson, 2010, Scotswood Road, Lemington - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
22
DAY2
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
418620
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564480
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Lemington
Description
In 1999 photographs were taken of a brick and stone building with pan-tiled roof and recessed north-west corner wall, situated next to the quay walls of Lemington Gut, south of the ironworks site. Its date is uncertain, but it seems to have been part of the ironworks site and may pre-date it. It is shown on a map of 1844 (AP 1999, p.17), on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and in a truncated form on the 2nd edition of 1899. This enigmatic structure, latterly a stable, was pulled down sometime between 1999 and 2003, but its foundations are likely to survive.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
In 1999 photographs were taken of a brick and stone building with pan-tiled roof and recessed north-west corner wall, situated next to the quay walls of Lemington Gut, south of the ironworks site. Its date is uncertain, but it seems to have been part of the ironworks site and may pre-date it. It is shown on a map of 1844 (AP 1999, p.17), on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map and in a truncated form on the 2nd edition of 1899. This enigmatic structure, latterly a stable, was pulled down sometime between 1999 and 2003, but its foundations are likely to survive.
Site Name
Lemington Gut, brick and stone buildings
Site Type: Specific
Iron Works
HER Number
7848
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 1999, Newburn Haugh: Archaeological Assessment, pp.28, 36 & 41. Unpublished report for WSP Environmental; Scott Wilson, 2010, Scotswood Road, Lemington - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Commercial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
432710
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35NW
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
555270
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Cox Green
Description
A public House (name obscure on map) is marked at this location on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, surveyed c.1855.
Site Type: Broad
Eating and Drinking Establishment
SITEDESC
A public House (name obscure on map) is marked at this location on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, surveyed c.1855.
Site Name
Cox Green, Public House
Site Type: Specific
Public House
HER Number
7847
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
1st edition Ordnance Survey map, surveyed c.1855.
Inkster K, 1999, Barmston & Coxgreen: Archaeological Assessment. Unpublished report by the Archaeology Department, Tyne & Wear Museums for Northumbrian Water. (T&W HER 1999, Box 23/32)
YEAR1
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
436420
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
548470
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Great Eppleton
Description
This quarry appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1897. IT contained a small gunpowder store, the only permanent structure. The quarry had closed by 1920 but is still visible.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
This quarry appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1897. It contained a small gunpowder store, the only permanent structure. The quarry had closed by 1920 but is still visible.
Site Name
Curlew Hope Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
7846
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
The Archaeological Practice, 1999, Eppleton Reclamation Scheme: Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Assessment, p.22 & Fig. 2. Unpublished report for Hall Construction Services Ltd. (T&W HER 1999, Box 21A/2)
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
955, 11864
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436790
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
08
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561240
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
East Boldon
Description
A row of shops and houses with an adjoining former Co-op branch. Red brick. Spoilt by the loss of some front gardens to concrete parking. The traditional shopfront, window and other joinery is painted deep green. The first floor windows are uPVC. There is a detailed brick boundary wall at the top of Sunderland Road.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
A row of shops and houses with an adjoining former Co-op branch. Red brick. Spoilt by the loss of some front gardens to concrete parking. The traditional shopfront, window and other joinery is painted deep green. The first floor windows are uPVC. There is a detailed brick boundary wall at the top of Sunderland Road.
Site Name
1 to 4 St. Bede's
Site Type: Specific
Terrace
HER Number
7845
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
North of England Civic Trust on behalf of South Tyneside Council, February 2006, East Boldon Conservation Area Character Appraisal; East Boldon School Centenary 1885-1985; M. Linge, The Story of Boldon; A. Middleton, 1983, Boldon's Witness in Church and Community; N. Pevsner, 1953, The Buildings of England: County Durham; W. Wilson, 1935, A Short History of Boldon
YEAR1
2009
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
955, 11864
DAY1
11
District
S Tyneside
Easting
436720
Grid ref figure
8
LANDUSE
Building
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
08
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561210
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
East Boldon
Description
Late Victorian red brick houses. No. 3 is later and of different proportions, form and materials. No. 2 has a painted front. The original windows and classical door cases survive. The boundary wall along Whitburn Terrace is old and buttressed.
Site Type: Broad
Terrace
SITEDESC
Late Victorian red brick houses. No. 3 is later and of different proportions, form and materials. No. 2 has a painted front. The original windows and classical door cases survive. The boundary wall along Whitburn Terrace is old and buttressed.
Site Name
1 to 3 Somerset Terrace
Site Type: Specific
Terrace
HER Number
7844
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
North of England Civic Trust on behalf of South Tyneside Council, February 2006, East Boldon Conservation Area Character Appraisal; East Boldon School Centenary 1885-1985; M. Linge, The Story of Boldon; A. Middleton, 1983, Boldon's Witness in Church and Community; N. Pevsner, 1953, The Buildings of England: County Durham; W. Wilson, 1935, A Short History of Boldon
YEAR1
2009
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
22
District
Gateshead
Easting
427490
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563000
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Gateshead
Description
A line of 18th century coal pits is suggested at this location on the basis of early map evidence.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
A line of 18th century coal pits is suggested at this location on the basis of early map evidence.
Site Name
Gateshead, coal pits
Site Type: Specific
Coal Workings
HER Number
7843
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
NCAS, 1998, Felling Riverside: Friar’s Goose Remediation Scheme: Investigation of ‘Outfall E’ for Environmental Technology Consultants, Fig. 3. Unpublished report. (T&W HER 1998, Box 20/46)