English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
08
DAY2
14
District
Sunderland
Easting
436920
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SE 21
Northing
553590
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Farringdon
Description
A Langdale stone axe, 4.5 inches long, was found in 1955 during the building of a council house at Farringdon, although the precise grid reference given is disputed. The find appears to have been reported to Sunderland Museum, but is now lost.
SITEASS
Was this object ever a real accession? Paul Bidwell reports there is no reference to it in the TWCMS index.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
A Langdale stone axe, 4.5 inches long, was found in 1955 by a Mr. Wright during the building of a council house at Farringdon. It is now lost. Source 1 continues by pointing out that the above grid reference does not agree with the description of the find spot since it falls on a playing field. He cites as his evidence the "Accessions Register and Archaeological Index of Sunderland Museum".
Site Name
Farringdon, polished axe
Site Type: Specific
Axehead
HER Number
236
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 236 >> Ordnance Survey archaeological record cards, RPM, 1977, Neolithic axe
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 73, no. 16
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
08
DAY2
14
District
Sunderland
Easting
437300
EASTING2
381
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SE 19
Northing
552200
NORTHING2
525
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Silksworth
Description
A large, coarse sandstone axe was found at Doxford Park in a 'load of earth' during road making 1972 and retained by the finder. The object is described as follows: length 134 mm, max width 46 mm, max thickness 34 mm. Broad blade, slightly chipped. The axe does not appear to fall into any known group of sandstone axes in north England and south Scotland.
SITEASS
No reference to this object in TWCMS index so where does the published drawing come from? Note the above grid references do not agree: the second one is in the middle of the modern "Doxford Park" and could be the more probable.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"Large coarse sandstone axe found at Doxford Park in a 'load of earth' during road making 1972. Retained by finder, Mr. Bazin, 5 Harperley Drive, Tunstall Road, Sunderland" (1), who gives the first grid reference above. Source 2 says the find was made during road widening, gives the finder's name as Mr. Bazire, and describes the object thus: "Length 134 mm, max width 46 mm, max thickness 34 mm. Broad blade, slightly chipped". Source 1 adds, "The axe does not fall into any known group of sandstone axes in north England and south Scotland", and quotes in support of this a letter from the Department of Geology, Nottingham University, 1972.
Site Name
Doxford Park, polished axe
Site Type: Specific
Axehead
HER Number
235
Form of Evidence
FInd
Sources
<< HER 235 >> Ordnance Survey archaeological record card, RPM, 1977, Neolithic axe
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, pp. 71-2 and fig. 24, no. 8
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
154,155,156
DAY1
01
DAY2
14
District
Sunderland
Easting
439100
Grid ref figure
6
HEIGHT_OD
112
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 35 SE 9
Northing
554400
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Tunstall
Description
Arrowheads, a flake scraper, cores, artefacts, flakes and limpets were recorded from ploughed fields at Tunstall Hills. The collection could not be located by recent researchers and is presumed lost.
Site Type: Broad
Artefact Scatter
SITEDESC
Gibbs recorded that ploughed fields to the north-west and north of the "Grassy Hill" towards the higher parts, and the east field between the Hills and the south end, where at the extremity are indications of a cairn burial, had produced "? arrowheads, flake scraper, cores, artefacts, flakes and limpets". Young could not trace any of this material and it must be presumed lost. Miket also notes that two flints were found by Dr A. Raistrick at Tunstall in the 1930s, and that these are now in the Craven Museum, Skipton.
Site Name
Tunstall Hills, Neolithic/Bronze Age flints
Site Type: Specific
Flint Scatter
HER Number
234
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 234 >> G.B. Gibbs, 1932, Neolithic man in Co. Durham, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 19 (for 1929-32), p. 25
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 73, nos. 14, 18
R. Young , 1987, Lithics and Subsistence in North-Eastern England, British Archaeological Report, British Series, Vol. 161, p. 219, F 112
SURVIVAL
1-19%
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
158, 232
DAY1
01
DAY2
14
District
Sunderland
Easting
435900
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
03
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554600
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Grindon
Description
Two flint barbed and tanged arrowheads were found in the sand quarry at Grindon, one in 1947. The surviving one is of grey flint, 22 mm long, 23 mm wide, and 2 mm thick.
SITEASS
On display in Sunderland Museum.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Two flint barbed and tanged arrowheads were found in the sand quarry at Grindon, one in 1947. The surviving one is of grey flint and is described by Young thus: "Tang broken off close to the body of the implement. Finely pressure flaked around both edges. Maximum surviving length 22 mm, breadth 23 mm, thickness 2 mm".
Site Name
Grindon, Neolithic/Bronze Age flints
Site Type: Specific
Barbed and Tanged Arrowhead
HER Number
233
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 233 >> R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 72, no. 9.1
R. Young , 1987, Lithics and Subsistence in North-Eastern England, British Archaeological Report, British Series, Vol. 161, p. 208, F 83
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
158, 233
DAY1
28
DAY2
14
District
Sunderland
Easting
435900
Grid ref figure
6
HEIGHT_OD
120
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
02
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
554600
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Mesolithic -10,000 to -4,000
Place
Grindon
Description
In 1905 R. Paxton recovered "flints and scrapers" during the quarrying of sand and gravel at Grindon, and in 1928 a large flake was found on the same site. Wymer records one core, two blades/flakes and a micro-burin from this site at Sunderland Museum, donated by Raistrick, and two blades/flakes at Skipton Museum. Sunderland Museum holds flakes, a scraper and a microlith all labelled 'Grindon 1905'.
SITEASS
The finds of 1905 are in Sunderland Museum - see below.
Site Type: Broad
Artefact Scatter
SITEDESC
In 1905 R. Paxton recovered "flints and scrapers" during the quarrying of sand and gravel at Grindon, and in 1928 a large flake was found on the same site. Wymer records one core, two blades/flakes and a micro-burin from this site at Sunderland Museum donated by Raistrick, and two blades/flakes at Skipton Museum. He notes that the number of objects found by Paxton was not recorded. Young did not see the material at Skipton Museum. He describes four pieces at Sunderland, all in grey flint, as one core, one retouched knife, two retouched blades/flakes. The micro-burin could not be traced. P. Bidwell reports that Sunderland Museum holds flakes, a scraper and a microlith all labelled 'Grindon 1905'.
Site Name
Grindon, Mesolithic flints
Site Type: Specific
Flint Scatter
HER Number
232
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 232 >> G.B. Gibbs, 1932, Neolithic man in Co. Durham, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 19 (for 1929-30), p. 25
J. Wymer ed. 1977, Gazetteer of Mesolithic Sites in England and Wales, C.B.A. Research Report, No. 20, p. 86
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 72, no. 9.3
R. Young , 1987, Lithics and Subsistence in North-Eastern England, British Archaeological Report, British Series, Vol. 161, pp. 153-4, F 24
SURVIVAL
40-59%
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
01
DAY2
22
District
Sunderland
Easting
437600
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ35SE
MONTH1
02
MONTH2
01
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
552700
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Silksworth
Description
On Thursday 5th June, 1879 some workmen found a stone coffin on land between the estates of Mr. Chapman, of Silksworth Hall, and Mr. Beckwith of Silksworth House. The coffin was found to contain "human remains, together with antique weapons".
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
"Thursday 5th June 1879. Whilst some workmen were engaged a few days ago in making alterations on some land between the estates of Mr. Chapman, of Silksworth Hall, and Mr. Beckwith of Silksworth House, they came upon a stone coffin, in which, on being opened was found to contain human remains, together with antique weapons".
Site Name
Silksworth, ?prehistoric burial
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
231
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 231 >> Shields Gazette, 1879, 5.vi.1879, South Shields Library Local Studies
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 73, no. 17
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1996
English, British
ADDITINF
y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Clare Henderson
Crossref
6508
DAY1
01
DAY2
24
District
Newcastle
Easting
424592
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
02
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564263
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Newcastle
Description
A medieval market cross, first mentioned in 1409/10, traditionally sited in the market street (modern Newgate St), near its junction with Low Friar St. It was pulled down 1625 but ordered to be rebuilt in 1687 with steps and other conveniences. In 1701 William Yarnold was given permission to remove the then pillar and dial and erect, on columns, a cistern for the New Water. This was described in 1736 as "lately pulled down", and replaced with a "Pillar of Stonework". The pillar was demolished in 1783, and rebuilt to a design by David Stephenson, architect. This version was "surmounted by a pretty little spire with a clock and ornamented on the four sides with the arms of the mayor, sheriff and magistrates". In 1808 it was taken down and rebuilt, in lengthened form, at the north end of the new butcher market on the site of the future Grey St. It finally disappeared during the construction of Grey St, and may have been used for building material. The White Cross was the site of an infamous duel in 1701. Ferdinando Foster, MP, and John Fenwick of Rock, coal owner, were attending a Grand Jury dinner at the Black Horse Inn, near the crossroads of Clayton Street and Newgate Street. There was great rivalry between the two men and they started to argue. The next morning they accidently met at the White Cross. They resumed their argument and soon a crowd gathered. The mob, anxious to see a fight, encouraged the contenders to use violence, and swords were drawn. The two men were well matched, but Forster slipped and fell. Fenwick killed his opponent and escaped towards Gallowgate. He was caught within a week, tried and executed. Usually hangings took place outside the town walls, but the authorities were afraid that Fenwick's employees at the pit would rescue him, so he was hanged from a white thorn treee growing near to the White Cross. V. Histon, 2000, Nightmare on Grey Street - Newcastle's Darker Side, p 34.
Site Type: Broad
Cross
SITEDESC
A medieval market cross, earliest reference 1409/10 (or is Frerecrosse documented in 1334 the White Cross?), traditionally sited in the market street (mod. Newgate St), near junction with Low Friar St. Pulled down 1625; ordered to be rebuilt in 1687 with steps and other conveniences; in 1701 William Yarnold given leave to remove the then pillar and dial and erect, on columns, a cistern for the New Water. This was described in 1736 as "lately pulled down", and replaced with a "Pillar of Stonework". The pillar was demolished in 1783, and rebuilt to a design by David Stephenson, architect. This version was "surmounted by a pretty little spire with a clock and ornamented on the four sides with the arms of the mayor, sheriff and magistrates". In 1808 it was taken down and rebuilt, in lengthened form, at N end of new butcher market on site of future Grey St. It finally disappeared during the construction of Grey St, and may have been used for building material. The White Cross was the site of an infamous duel in 1701. Ferdinando Foster, MP, and John Fenwick of Rock, coal owner, were attending a Grand Jury dinner at the Black Horse Inn, near the crossroads of Clayton Street and Newgate Street. There was great rivalry between the two men and they started to argue. The next morning they accidently met at the White Cross. They resumed their argument and soon a crowd gathered. The mob, anxious to see a fight, encouraged the contenders to use violence, and swords were drawn. The two men were well matched, but Forster slipped and fell. Fenwick killed his opponent and escaped towards Gallowgate. He was caught within a week, tried and executed. Usually hangings took place outside the town walls, but the authorities were afraid that Fenwick's employees at the pit would rescue him, so he was hanged from a white thorn tree growing near to the White Cross. Dated C14-15th.
Site Name
Newgate Street, White Cross
Site Type: Specific
Market Cross
HER Number
230
Form of Evidence
Demolished Building
Sources
<< HER 230 >> A.M. Oliver, ed. Ancient Deeds, Surtees Society,137, p.
H. Bourne, 1736, History of Newcastle, p. 48
J. Brand, 1789, History of Newcastle, Vol. I, p. 199 and note
E. Mackenzie, 1827, History of Newcastle, pp. 173-4
M.A. Richardson, Local Historian's Tablebook, Vol. III, pp. 76, 126
R. Welford, History of Newcastle and Gateshead, Vol. III, p. 268
R. Welford, Men of Mark, Vol. III, p. 435
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 3rd series, Vol. V, pp. 126-9
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
2021
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
DAY1
23
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
441800
Grid ref figure
6
HEIGHT_OD
30
Map Sheet
NZ45SW
MATERIAL
Ceramic
MONTH1
02
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 45 SW 4
Northing
552000
General Period
ROMAN
Specific Period
Roman 43 to 410
Place
Ryhope
Description
During excavations for sand and gravel carried out about 1931, three pottery vessels were recovered on the north side of Ryhope Dene almost immediately above the coast line. It is reported that some human bones occurred, but whether this is correct, or we can regard the deposit as a burial, is doubtful. The relics were found by Mr. T. Nelson of the Town Farm Dairy, Ryhope, staff the Sunderland Museum to see the site. The pottery was or roman origin, consisting of 2 buff-coloured bowls with vertical rims, mortaria and the lower half of a bowl in calcite-gritted ware. These finds, together with those from 2 sites further south in Co. Durham, to a suggestion that there had been Roman signal stations in these places.
SITEASS
Quarry on the north side of the Dene has long since been filled in. There might be something to be gained by walking the fields between this and Salterfen Dene.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
"On the north side of Ryhope Dene almost immediately above the coast line an excavation for sand and gravel was made about 1931. Three pottery vessels were found and it is reported that some human bones occurred, but whether this is correct, or we can regard the deposit as a burial, is doubtful. The relics were found by Mr. T. Nelson of the Town Farm Dairy, Ryhope", who took Trechmann and the Curator of the Sunderland Museum to see the site. Mrs. Nelson subsequently gave the pot to Trechmann. The pottery consisted of 2 buff-coloured bowls with vertical rims, ? C4 mortaria, and the lower half of a bowl in calcite-gritted ware. These finds, together with those from 2 sites further south in Co. Durham, led Trechmann to suggest that there had been Roman signal stations in these places. Dated C4.
Site Name
Ryhope Dene, Roman pottery from north of
Site Type: Specific
Vessel
HER Number
229
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 229 >> C.T. Trechmann,1947, Late Roman Pottery along the Durham Coast,Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 4, X (for 1942-46), pp. 341-6
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
227
DAY1
21
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
441500
EASTING2
419
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45SW
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
02
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 45 SW 12
Northing
553000
NORTHING2
519
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Neolithic -4,000 to -2,200
Place
Ryhope
Description
An arrow head, flakes, chips and cones (?cores) are said to have been found in the fields on both sides of Ryhope North Dene and Ryhope South Dene. The finds are now thought to be lost and can not be provenanced as Neolithic.
SITEASS
The denes are perhaps Ryhope Dene proper, and the dene by Salterfen Lane, but note that Source 1 refers to Salterfen Dene as such. Note also that Source 2 gives no accession number.
Site Type: Broad
Artefact Scatter
SITEDESC
An arrow head, flakes, chips and cones (sic, ? cores) are said to have been found in the fields on both sides of Ryhope North Dene and Ryhope South Dene. Because they are recorded in an article entitled "Neolithic man in County Durham" they are deemed to be Neolithic. Source 3 described the arrow head as "? barbed and tanged", but added that it was now lost.
Site Name
Ryhope Dene, Neolithic flints
Site Type: Specific
Flint Scatter
HER Number
228
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 228 >> G.B. Gibbs, 1932, Neolithic man in County Durham, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 19 (for 1929-32), p. 24
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 92, nos. 4 and 5
R. Young, 1987, Lithics and Subsistence in North-Eastern England, British Archaeological Report, British Series, Vol. 161, p. 218, F 107
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Barbara Harbottle
COMP2
Barbara Harbottle
Crossref
225, 226, 228
DAY1
21
DAY2
08
District
Sunderland
Easting
441500
EASTING2
419
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45SW
MATERIAL
Flint
MONTH1
02
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
553000
NORTHING2
519
General Period
PREHISTORIC
Specific Period
Mesolithic -10,000 to -4,000
Place
Ryhope
Description
The C.B.A. Gazetteer of Mesolithic Sites records two blades/flakes from 'Ryhope Dene' recovered by Dr. A. Raistrick in the 1930s and donated to Skipton Museum.
SITEASS
Without knowing the precise find spot, and whether these flints were recovered during field walking (probably) or excavation (unlikely) it is impossible to recommend a sensible course of action.
Site Type: Broad
Artefact Scatter
SITEDESC
"The C.B.A. Gazetteer of Mesolithic Sites records two blades/flakes from 'Ryhope Dene' recovered by Raistrick and donated to Skipton Museum", (4 quoting 2). Source 3 reported them as "Three flint flakes said to have been collected during the 1930s by Dr A. Raistrick", and gave the museum accession no. They were not seen by 4 who goes on to wonder whether there has been confusion with material recorded by 1 (see SMR 228). Because of this notion he gives 2 possible grid references, one for Ryhope Dene proper and the other for the dene by Salterfen Lane, but note that 1 refers to Salterfen Dene as such.
Site Name
Ryhope Dene, Mesolithic flints
Site Type: Specific
Flint Scatter
HER Number
227
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 227 >> G.B. Gibbs, 1932, Neolithic man in County Durham, Antiquities of Sunderland, Vol. 19 (for 1929-32), p. 24
J.J. Wymer, ed. 1977, Gazetteer of Mesolithic Sites in England and Wales, C.B.A. Research Report, No. 20, p. 87
R. Miket, 1984, The Prehistory of Tyne and Wear, p. 92 no. 6
R. Young, 1987, Lithics and Subsistence in North-Eastern England, British Archaeological Report, British Series, Vol. 161, p. 181, F52
YEAR1
1990
YEAR2
1995