"The C.B.A. Gazetteer of Mesolithic Sites records nine blades/flakes, two scrapers, one microlith and two micro-burins from 'between Ryhope and Sunderland, on the coast'", (3 quoting 2). Only four pieces from this area were seen by 3 at Sunderland Museum and of these "the obliquely blunted point microlith (Fig. IV.52, No. 1) may be the one referred to by Coupland (1, p. 2 no. 1)". The four consisted of one microlith, two miscellaneous retouched pieces and one lump of waste. The location is vague, and might not even be on this map.

In 1931-32 G. Coupland excavated an eroding cliff edge (now gone) near Ryhope (the above grid reference is an estimate by Source 5), and at a depth of 4 to 5 feet, in a sandy subsoil, recovered 383 flint tools, + pebbles. Coupland's list seems now to be the only record of what he found, viz. waste pieces 150; cores 49; core-scraper 1; blades (whole) 37; blades (broken) 46-83; scrapers (worked) 7; 'scrapers' (various usages) 27; thick pieces (planes?) 12; points 9; triangle 1; micro-burin 1; microlithic blade 1; indefinite 41 383. Associated pebbles 7 of which one was a hammer stone. Sources 5 and 7 did not see this material; 4 cited "Note with exhibits in Sunderland Mus.", in 1952; 6 gives a museum accession no.

Earliest reference appears to be c. 930, when King Athelstan gave "South Wearmouth" and its appendages, which included "duas Reofhoppas", to the see of Durham. Ryhope is normally taken to be one of the two (what was the other? In Boldon Buke of 1183 Ryhope is coupled with Old Burdon. In Hatfield's Survey of 1380 Ryhope had 2 free tenants, 24 12-acre holdings of demesne (some tenants had more than one); 18 messuages each with 30 acres held by bond tenants; 3 cottages + 12 acres each; extensive exchequer lands. There seem to have been two lots of enclosures in C17 (in 1680 the 'Great Common' was divided up). By 1840 there were 5 farms of 91-143 acres each, and 21 of 17-64 acres. Ryhope was a 3-row village round a triangular green. The short E side formed the base of the triangle on the main N-S road, and 2 long rows ran WSW ending in early 18th century in a pond. There were back lanes on the N and S sides. Shape of the village is still there though much rebuilt. Name seems to originate as 'Rive Hope' (hope means dene). Also recorded as Refhoppa, Reshop and Riopp. In 1840 there were still 5 farms of 91-143 acres and 21 farms of 17-64 acres. By 1931 there were only 7 working farms. Before the advent of the colliery, Ryhope was popular for sea-bathing. In later years thousands of tons of sand was quarried away and removed for railways and roads. Nevertheless the beach is still peaceful and unspoilt. In 1856 coal mining commenced and the village grew as a colliery community. The first of two Ryhope railway stations opened in 1854. Whellan describes Ryhope village in 1856 as being 'delightfully situated near the German Ocean… much frequented during the bathing season'. Township inhabitants in 1856 included Hugh Coudon, corn miller at Ryhope Mills, George Davison, victualler at the Sun Inn, Joseph Dobson, victualler at the Railway Inn, John Forster, joiner and cartwright, Robert Grindon, potato dealer at Ryhope Mill Cottage, John Hutchinson, shipbuilder and George Shaw Wrightman, both at Lechmer House, Robert Liddle, master of Ryhope Parochial School, George Moir, contractor, mason and quarry man at Halfway House, John Patterson, blacksmith, Lipton Hutton Potts, ship owner and ship builder (R.H. Potts and Brothers), William Priestman, boot and shoemaker, John Ramshaw, shopkeeper, Robert Robson, victualler at the Ship, Robert Rowlands, stationmaster at Ryhope Station, Alex Sharp, victualler at the Blue House at Hendon, George Sheraton, master mariner and ship owner, John Smart of Ryhope Mill House, John Stainsby, victualler at Hendon Inn and Halfway House, Luke Trewhitt, corn miller at Ryhope Stob Mill, John Turnbull, inspector of railways at Ryhope Cottage, Miss Mary Thompson, lodgings, Jeremiah Watson, butcher, Joseph Watson, joiner and cartwright, Mary Ann Watson, victualler at Salutation Inn, the Rev. William Wilson, Trinity Church, Ralph Wilson, blacksmith, Robert Wilson, grocer, Sarah Wilson, lodgings. There were also some 22 farmers. Ryhope Colliery opened in 1859. The coal company built rows of limestone houses, schools, chapels, a miner's hall, co-operative society, shops and public houses. A water pumping station opened in 1868. A large psychiatric hospital was built in 1895 and Ryhope Secondary School in 1911. St. Paul's Church was built to replace the small parish chapel in 1869. Electric trams from Sunderland reached Ryhope in 1905. This encouraged new large scale commuter housing estates and brick houses on the north side of The Green replacing older cottages. Dated C10th.

Neolithic flints have been recovered by Dr J. Weyman during field walking north of Dewley Hill. They were widely scattered in the same field, from north of the mound to east of the mound, and just extended into the next field to the north. The two best pieces are a hollow-based arrowhead (see below) and a knife. The rest are Neolithic-type worked flakes.

"Farendon-grange" is listed as one of the properties of Hexham Priory. Its boundaries are described in great detail suggesting that most of its land was in a single block between the vills of Herrington (sic) and Silksworth, but in the territory of the latter. Also mentioned - a windmill, oven, brewhouse. The above grid reference is an approximate location, calculated from the position of Farrington Hall on the O.S. 1st edition, on the basis that this was presumably the remnant of the grange. "Farnton Hall" was described by Surtees as "a hamlet within the Constablery of Silksworth which it adjoins on the west", and he recites the complicated descent of the property from 39 Eliz. to 1801.

The existence of this chapel is supported by only a single published and undated charter in which John, son of Marmaduke, gave his relative John de Dalton, chaplain, land in the vill of Silksworth, on the west side of the vill next to the chapel of St. Leonard. The O.S. 1st edition bears the message "Chapel Garth Well" in the field immediately south of Silksworth village, but I have not yet found evidence to support this name and location. On the strength of this, however, the O.S. archaeological record card gives an optimistic 8 figure grid reference. Surtees offers no clue to the date of the chapel's foundation. He suggests that it disappeared at the time of the dissolution of the chantries.

From its appearance the chapel was probably founded in the early C13, and more probably by one of the Byker family than by predecessors of the earls of Northumberland. Certainly in existence in 1278, when a chantry was endowed in it. Though the chantry was abolished before 1378/9 the chapel survived to the Reformation when it was granted with its lands to the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle. As the surrounding area became industrialized the chapel deteriorated, it was described by Brand in 1782 as a lumber-room for a glasshouse, and by 1916 all trace was said to be gone. Oblong in plan, 47' 8" E-W, 16' N-S. Three-light E window; round-arched W door; N door in E half.

In 2018 a targeted evaluation trench located the north-east corner of the chapel.The chapel wall was constructed out of sandstone blocks with a rubble core. Courses of up to seven mortar bonded blocks were recorded. A second exposed sandstone wall may be part of the chapels boundary wall. Excavators recovered 16th century green-glazed pottery and a fragment of human bone. Dated C13th.

This turret was discovered in 1928,"after considerable search", on the south side of the main road, "on the recently developed Newburn UDC housing area, and on the east corner of the newly constructed Callerton Road". It was partly excavated at this time, and its distance west of milecastle 10 given as 443 yards. The ground had previously been cultivated. Note that the O.S. gives this distance as 509 yards. It was re-excavated in 1980, and was found to have been much damaged by the insertion of various services. Nevertheless two courses of wall, 1.07m thick above the footings, usually survived. The facing stones were pointed, the core just formed by clay and sandstone blocks. The door threshold was overlain by a series of hearths against the north wall. There were two floor levels, and possibly the remains of a platform in the south-west corner. Finds included a spearhead and four worked flints. The pottery was almost all Hadrianic (117-138). The turret measured 13 feet 6 inches (4.10 m) north-south, and 13 feet 9 inches (4.20 m) east-west, had an entrance at the south-east corner, and retained traces of an internal platform. It went out of use in the mid-2nd century, but was not demolished then, though it may have been demolished in the Roman period. Dated C2.

Curtain. Appears to have lain under north edge of road west of milecastle 10 to Walbottle Dene. Here, north of the road, it turned 20 degrees to the south. "Here in 1864 a long stretch of the Wall was removed" (NZ 1640 6678 to 1610 6684) while realigning the road. West of the Dene the Wall runs under the south pavement of the main road. Vallum. Can be traced in and out of the Dene, was sectioned in 1980 in Woodside Avenue (NZ 1612 6679), shows as slight earthworks in the fields south of the road west of Throckley Bank Top. Military Way was not found in the 1980 excavation. Turret 10b has not been found; approximate position thought to be 1552 6685. Milecastle 11, computed site is the Throckley and District Bank Top Club, supposed to have been seen by MacLauchlan, was not found in 1928 on S side of main road W of Throckley Bank Top; in 1929; in 1959 E of Throckley Bank Top; in 1983 on S side of main road at NZ 1490 6685. Section of Wall recorded during the installation of a telecommunications cable in Hexham Road/Coach Road in 2001. Section of Hadrian's Wall foundation and a cippi pit found in 2003 in an evaluation trench outside Throckley Middle School. A whole complex of these pits, 145 in all, which are thought to have held entanglements of sharpened branches to act like barbed wire, were recorded during the installation of water mains in 2002 for a distance of 1 km. Some pits retained the impressions of two upright stakes. A concentration of Roman pottery was recorded, probably discarded from turret 11b. A metalled road surface was also revealed, probably representing a road to milecastle 11. Near to this point a coin hoard was found in 1879 in a pot just behind the Wall. Prehistoric ardmarks, a ditch and gullies were found. A watching brief during drilling of boreholes at Throckley Waterworks in January 2004, may have located the Roman ditch. An evaluation in June 2004 on the south side of Hexham Road opposite the waterworks recorded a small area of tightly packed stones - may possibly have been part of Hadrian's Wall or its subsequent robbing, but did not conform to the character of Broad Wall foundations as known in this sector. An evaluation outside Throckley Middle School in April 2004, in advance of water mains installation, recorded more of the Wall (2.8m wide) and a cippi pit. The underlying soil contained burnt wood and plants possibly representing clearance of ground. Evaluation at Walbottle Campus in 2005 in advance of service installation in a Scheduled section of Hadrian's Wall found that the Wall survived to three courses in height and was found under the northern carriageway of Hexham Road at a depth of 0.40m below the road surface. Evaluation in 2013 by ARS at land adjacent to Tyne View House, Hexham Road revealed an intact section of Hadrian's Wall 0.54m in height. The section was encountered at 0.51m bgl and overlain by concrete as part of a base layer for the modern road surface. During an evaluation in 2009 at Prospect House, Throckley remains interpretated as a service track running along the inner elevation of the curtain wall (south side) were uncovered. ASUD uncovered the remains of the defensive ditch of Hadrian's Wall in two trenches immediately north of the wall at Throckley North in 2015. The ditch survives at a depth of 0.4-0.5m bgl.
Archaeological monitoring by NAA in 2015 during work on the gas main revealed evidence of the Wall and/or ditches in the vicinity of St Cuthberts Primary School. The most extensive remains were located on the main road around Braeburn Court. These were truncated deposits which may have been part of the Wall foundations as well as likely ditch fills. The edge of the ditch was also discovered in one of the trenches roughly outside 18 Hawthorn Terrace.
The lower courses of the northern edge of Hadrian's Wall with the stone and clay core immediately behind was located in 2 cross-carriage way evaluation trenches on Hexham Road in June 2017. The facing stones were found to be preserved
to a greater depth in the western most trench (west edge of 4 Rose Wood), with at least three courses surviving. Only one course of facing stones was observed in the eastern trench (west edge of Senate House). A compacted road/trackway surface was also observed within the eastern trench. This abutted the north, facing stones of Hadrian’s Wall and lay on the natural substrate. The positions of the northern facing stones in the two cross-carriageway trenches suggests that the current line of Hexham Road between these two locations does not exactly follow the line of Hadrian’s Wall. As the current road progresses east it gradually appears to creep northwards, away from the original Wall line. Dated C2.

This milecastle was first noted by Bruce in 1864, opposite Dene House, when the remaking of the road revealed not only the Wall but also the north gate of the milecastle. "The gateway is of the usual massive span, about eleven feet, the stones of the piers are of the massive character that we are accustomed to see, though unhappily only two courses remain. The pivot holes of the gate exist, and the check in the floor against which the gates struck. There is no central stone, as in other places". He recommended that the gateway should be preserved in situ, and it also survived the next road improvements in 1885. Further investigations in 1928 located part of the south gate and the south- west angle, south of the main road. Little remained of the footings of the east wall and no internal buildings were found. Both gates appear to be type IV. Foundations of north gate are visible; the main road lies over the middle of the site. Milecastle 10 was re-examined in 1999-2001. It measures 17.69m x 14.76m internally with broad walls 2.98m wide. The northern gateway has jambs in large masonry and a threshold and lies in the south-east corner of the front garden of Dene House. The eastern iron collar of the gate is worn, but the western one is not, suggesting that only one leaf of the gate was usually open. Excavation in the south-east corner of the milecastle revealed a hearth or oven. Dated C2.