English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
714
DAY1
01
DAY2
03
District
Gateshead
Easting
427620
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
09
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 10
Northing
562150
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Felling
Description
Felling Hall was part of the Brandling Estate. Later the Mulberry Tree Hotel. It was put up for auction in November 1809, described as a Mansion House, with its surrounding farms and 430 acres of productive meadow, pasture and arable land.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
Felling Hall was part of the Brandling Estate. Later the Mulberry Tree Hotel (HER 4546). It was put up for auction in November 1809, described as a Mansion House, with its surrounding farms and 430 acres of productive meadow, pasture and arable land {2}. Henry Reginald Leighton (1910) described the Hall, then the Mulberry Inn, as a picturesque building which was undergoing a serious alteration. A small stone summerhouse, which once stood in the garden, then stood on one of the station platforms.
Site Name
Felling Hall
Site Type: Specific
Country House
HER Number
7683
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map, 1850; NRO 404/380, Particulars of Felling Estate for auction 1809 and 1844, Northumberland Museum and Archives, Woodhorn, Ashington; Henry Reginald Leighton, 1910, Memorials of Old Durham, pages 227 and 228; Peter Haywood, Around Felling High Street; Archaeological Services University of Durham, 2009, Brandlings, Gateshead - Geophysical Survey and Archaeological Evaluation; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2009, Brandling Development Site, Felling - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2015
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Gateshead
Easting
414060
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ16SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560670
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
High Spen
Description
This camp was located on Rogues Lane between the drift mine and sewage site. It was known as "Squatter's Camp". No trace remains.
SITEASS
Check NGR.
Site Type: Broad
Military Camp
SITEDESC
This camp was located on Rogues Lane between the drift mine and sewage site. It was known as "Squatter's Camp". No trace remains.
Site Name
High Spen, POW camp
Site Type: Specific
Prisoner of War Camp
HER Number
7682
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Information provided by Mr. P Smith
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Gateshead
Easting
415000
Grid ref figure
4
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
560000
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Barlow
Description
In Barlow there was an RAF camp for Women's Auxiliary Air Forces (WAAF). The buildings included an accomodation block and other prefabricated buildings. The camp was equipped with a radar dish.
SITEASS
Find out exact location.
Site Type: Broad
Military Camp
SITEDESC
In Barlow there was an RAF camp for Women's Auxiliary Air Forces (WAAF). The buildings included an accommodation block and other prefabricated buildings. The camp was equipped with a radar dish.
Site Name
Barlow, WAAFs camp
Site Type: Specific
Military Camp
HER Number
7681
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Information provided by Mr. P Smith
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Sunderland
Easting
439100
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ35NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
557300
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Bishopwearmouth
Description
This shelter was partially hit when the Farringdon Row/Ayres Quay Road area was bombed on 3rd March 1941. Thankfully the shelter was unoccupied (Rowley and Pears reference N548).
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
This shelter was partially hit when the Farringdon Row/Ayres Quay Road area was bombed on 3rd March 1941. Thankfully the shelter was unoccupied (Rowley and Pears reference N548).
Site Name
Galley Gill, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
7680
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ripley, R and Pears, B, 1994-2001, North-East Diary 1939-1945 http://www.bpears.org.uk/NE-Diary/Bck/BSeq_03.html
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Newcastle
Easting
425020
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Concrete
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
563930
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Newcastle
Description
A two-storey air raid shelter was archaeologically recorded here before demolition in 1998. The exterior walls were stone and brick built, with a concrete render on the roadside elevation. The floor and roof were of reinforced concrete. The shelter was supplied with a louvred ventilator.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
A two-storey air raid shelter was archaeologically recorded here before demolition in 1998. The exterior walls were stone and brick built, with a concrete render on the roadside elevation. The floor and roof were of reinforced concrete. The shelter was supplied with a louvred ventilator.
Site Name
The Side, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
7679
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Bill Hopper Design Ltd, 1997, Proposed Car Park for CNC Properties plc, The Milburn Estates, Side, Newcastle upon Tyne - Photographic survey of existing bomb shelter buildings; Northern Counties Archaeological Services, 1998, A Watching Brief during the demolition of Second World War Air-Raid Shelters for the Construction of a Car Park at The Side, Newcastle upon Tyne, for CNC Properties plc
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Newcastle
Easting
421110
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564560
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Benwell
Description
The schools acted as ARP premises. There was a first aid post at the central school, and a dam provided an emergency water supply. The former open air school was used as an emergency rest and feeding centre, able to provide breakfast and tea and hot mid-day meals. It is therefore little surprise that the schools were equipped with air raid shelters. A plan of April 1940, deposited with the Northumberland Record Office by Mauchlen and Weightman of Saville Row, Newcastle, shows sixteen proposed shelters, of two types, each could accommodate 45 children. A similar plan shows eight proposed shelters at Heaton School, which could accommodate 60 children.
SITEASS
Were the shelters actually built?
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
The schools acted as ARP premises. There was a first aid post at the central school, and a dam provided an emergency water supply. The former open air school was used as an emergency rest and feeding centre, able to provide breakfast and tea and hot mid-day meals. It is therefore little surprise that the schools were equipped with air raid shelters. A plan of April 1940, deposited with the Northumberland Record Office by Mauchlen and Weightman of Saville Row, Newcastle, shows sixteen proposed shelters, of two types, each could accommodate 45 children. A similar plan shows eight proposed shelters at Heaton School, which could accommodate 60 children.
Http://www.bpears.org.uk/NE-Diary/Bck/Bseq_03.html
Mauchlen and Weightman, April 1940, Pendower Elementary and Central Schools, Newcastle – Proposed Air Raid Shelters for 720 children.
Site Name
Pendower Elementary School, air raid shelters
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
7678
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
NRO 4720/B/256, "Pendower Elementary and Central Schools, Newcastle. Proposed Air Raid Shelter Accomodation for 720 Children", plan by Mauclen and Weightman of 12 Saville Row, Northumberland Record Office; Http://www.bpears.org.uk/NE-Diary/Bck/Bseq_03.html
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Gateshead
Easting
412900
EASTING2
130
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ15NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
557200
NORTHING2
572
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Chopwell
Description
There are three craters in Chopwell Woods - two close together on the north-west side of a forest track at NZ 129 572 and the third on the south-east side of the track at NZ 130 572. The bombs fell at 11.36pm BST on Sunday 12th October 1941. Presumably they were dumped from a plane returning from a raid elsewhere in the country as there were no raids on the North-East that night. The craters provide a unique wildlife habitat and are protected as a Site of Nature Conservation Importance (SNCI).
Site Type: Broad
Bomb Crater
SITEDESC
There are three craters in Chopwell Woods - two close together on the north-west side of a forest track at NZ 129 572 and the third on the south-east side of the track at NZ 130 572. The bombs fell at 11.36pm BST on Sunday 12th October 1941. Presumably they were dumped from a plane returning from a raid elsewhere in the country as there were no raids on the North-East that night. The craters provide a unique wildlife habitat and are protected as a Site of Nature Conservation Importance (SNCI).
Site Name
Chopwell Woods, bomb craters
Site Type: Specific
Bomb Crater
HER Number
7677
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
Information provided by Mr. B Pears
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
Gateshead
Easting
419000
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
561300
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Winlaton Mill
Description
The bomb was dropped at 3.30am DST (Double Summer Time) on Friday 1st May 1942 during an air raid which affected many parts of the north east. There were some 40 fatalities in the region that night, and widespread damage. The crater survives in a field between the A694 and the Derwent Walk. It lies immediately south-west of an electricity pylon. Best seen at end of year when reeds grow in it.
Site Type: Broad
Bomb Crater
SITEDESC
The bomb was dropped at 3.30am DST (Double Summer Time) on Friday 1st May 1942 during an air raid which affected many parts of the north east. There were some 40 fatalities in the region that night, and widespread damage. The crater survives in a field between the A694 and the Derwent Walk. It lies immediately south-west of an electricity pylon. Best seen at end of year when reeds grow in it.
Site Name
Hag Hill, bomb crater
Site Type: Specific
Bomb Crater
HER Number
7676
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
Information provided by Mr. B Pears
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
01
District
N Tyneside
Easting
436000
Grid ref figure
4
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ36NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
568000
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
North Shields
Description
There was a huge shelter under Wilkinson’s lemonade factory. It could hold up to 210 people. The shelter had three rooms, one was a smoking room, and each was equipped with bunk beds. Critically the ceiling was not reinforced and so at 11.12pm on Saturday May 3rd 1941, when a single bomb directly hit the shelter, 105 people were killed, 41 of whom were children. However, Ellen Lee, the ARP warden for the shelter bravely rescued 32 people from the explosion, despite having been badly burnt herself. It was the worst bombing incident in this part of the country during World War Two.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
There was a huge shelter under W.A. Wilkinson’s lemonade factory. It could hold up to 210 people. The shelter had three rooms, one was a smoking room, and each was equipped with bunk beds. Critically the ceiling was not reinforced and so at 11.12pm on Saturday May 3rd 1941, when a single bomb directly hit the shelter, 105 people were killed, 41 of whom were children. However, Ellen Lee, the ARP warden for the shelter bravely rescued 32 people from the explosion, despite having been badly burnt herself. It was the worst bombing incident in this part of the country during World War Two.
Site Name
Wilkinson's lemonade factory, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
7675
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
www.gatesheadgrid.org/westallswar; North Tyneside Council and Nexus, 2010, North Shields Heritage Trail, board 17 'A town where no town ought to be'
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
21
District
Gateshead
Easting
415200
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
564700
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ryton
Description
An attractive heart to the village. Wild (2004) suggests that the characteristic green villages of Northumberland date back to the reconstruction of settlement in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest and the 'harrying of the north'. The greens originally had a defensive function to protect livestock against Scottish raiders. The wide open space in the centre of the village could also be used for fairs, markets, for grazing animals and a meeting space (Rowley and Wood, 2000, 41). Dwellings were often built around the green, with a common forge, bakehouse, pinfold, smithy, alehouse, stocks, spring or pond on the green itself (Roberts 1977, 146). A cross dated 1795 marked a meeting place at Ryton for farm labourers at the beginning of the hiring seasons in May and November. Riotous fairs were held on the green but were abandoned after 1866. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
The Village green played an important social and economic role within the community of Ryton. It was the common land around which the buildings were gathered – often historically where animals could be sheltered in times of danger. Aside from the church, it was the centre of the community both in physical terms and in terms of activity, and most of the big events in the village calendar would take place here. These included the Hirings (an opportunity for servants to find work, and the wealthier villagers to employ new servants), the May Day celebrations (a pre-Christian festival that had been important in the culture of England for centuries), including maypole dancing, and perhaps the election of a May queen, and the village fair (after the population increased sufficiently to prevent the use of the constricted churchyard). Despite the important and ancient church, it was also the scene of some occasions of religious importance, as both John and Charles Wesley preached here (Charles on several occasions). 'Green Villages' were a common village form, where houses were clustered around a central green of common land. They had often been introduced after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, but there is also evidence of 'village' greens in Anglo-Saxon settlements, and even at Romano-British sites.
The triangular form of the green is typical, as villages were often located at the meeting of three roads, and the historic mapping indicates that the positioning of the path through the green has been retained on the same trajectory since at least the mid 19th century. The mature trees also add to the interest of the space – offering a place for birds to inhabit as well as shelter for passing pedestrians. The green is a rare survival in the borough, and of crucial importance as the crux of the medieval settlement of Ryton (Ryton old village), for group value with the surviving buildings, as an attractive area of green open space, as the setting for these building, and in particular the old village cross, and for its historical associations. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Hirings
Annually there was the hirings that took place on the Friday before the 12th May and 22nd November. The village was cleaned up all the houses were whitewashed and painted. The purpose of the hirings was to bring the community together for a village fair, and for the villagers to hire servants. The servants for hire would stand around the market cross and wear a green sprig either in their hat if they were male, and the females would carry a sprig or would attach it to their clothing. The hirings would have also attracted jugglers and minstrels. There were stalls set up from the village green to the Jolly fellows where sweets and the hirings would attract people from surrounding villages, and would carry until dusk. The dancing would then carry on and move into rooms above the local pubs, it was tradition to give the fiddler and tin whistler a penny a tune. The hirings continued in Ryton until 1866. It is not sure when they started again but could have been around the early seventies late sixties, until the eighties.
The Village Fair
The village fairs were first held in the churchyard on the anniversary of the founding of the church. The fairs involved jugglers and dancers and stalls selling local produce. The fairs became popular and had to be moved on to the village green, because of the number of people attending.
The Open Spaces Society states that in 2005 there were about 3,650 registered greens in England and about 220 in Wales. FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to safeguard the future of the green, it would be positive if a programme of events were developed to encourage regular use and appreciation. (As the current situation is not known, this may already be taking place). LOCAL LIST
Site Type: Broad
Village Green
SITEDESC
An attractive heart to the village. Wild (2004) suggests that the characteristic green villages of Northumberland date back to the reconstruction of settlement in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest and the 'harrying of the north'. The greens originally had a defensive function to protect livestock against Scottish raiders. The wide open space in the centre of the village could also be used for fairs, markets, for grazing animals and a meeting space (Rowley and Wood, 2000, 41). Dwellings were often built around the green, with a common forge, bakehouse, pinfold, smithy, alehouse, stocks, spring or pond on the green itself (Roberts 1977, 146). A cross dated 1795 marked a meeting place at Ryton for farm labourers at the beginning of the hiring seasons in May and November. Riotous fairs were held on the green but were abandoned after 1866. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
The Village green played an important social and economic role within the community of Ryton. It was the common land around which the buildings were gathered – often historically where animals could be sheltered in times of danger. Aside from the church, it was the centre of the community both in physical terms and in terms of activity, and most of the big events in the village calendar would take place here. These included the Hirings (an opportunity for servants to find work, and the wealthier villagers to employ new servants), the May Day celebrations (a pre-Christian festival that had been important in the culture of England for centuries), including maypole dancing, and perhaps the election of a May queen, and the village fair (after the population increased sufficiently to prevent the use of the constricted churchyard). Despite the important and ancient church, it was also the scene of some occasions of religious importance, as both John and Charles Wesley preached here (Charles on several occasions). 'Green Villages' were a common village form, where houses were clustered around a central green of common land. They had often been introduced after the Norman Conquest in the 11th century, but there is also evidence of 'village' greens in Anglo-Saxon settlements, and even at Romano-British sites.
The triangular form of the green is typical, as villages were often located at the meeting of three roads, and the historic mapping indicates that the positioning of the path through the green has been retained on the same trajectory since at least the mid 19th century. The mature trees also add to the interest of the space – offering a place for birds to inhabit as well as shelter for passing pedestrians. The green is a rare survival in the borough, and of crucial importance as the crux of the medieval settlement of Ryton (Ryton old village), for group value with the surviving buildings, as an attractive area of green open space, as the setting for these building, and in particular the old village cross, and for its historical associations.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Hirings
Annually there was the hirings that took place on the Friday before the 12th May and 22nd November. The village was cleaned up all the houses were whitewashed and painted. The purpose of the hirings was to bring the community together for a village fair, and for the villagers to hire servants. The servants for hire would stand around the market cross and wear a green sprig either in their hat if they were male, and the females would carry a sprig or would attach it to their clothing. The hirings would have also attracted jugglers and minstrels. There were stalls set up from the village green to the Jolly fellows where sweets and the hirings would attract people from surrounding villages, and would carry until dusk. The dancing would then carry on and move into rooms above the local pubs, it was tradition to give the fiddler and tin whistler a penny a tune. The hirings continued in Ryton until 1866. It is not sure when they started again but could have been around the early seventies late sixties, until the eighties.
The Village Fair
The village fairs were first held in the churchyard on the anniversary of the founding of the church. The fairs involved jugglers and dancers and stalls selling local produce. The fairs became popular and had to be moved on to the village green, because of the number of people attending.
The Open Spaces Society states that in 2005 there were about 3,650 registered greens in England and about 220 in Wales.
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to safeguard the future of the green, it would be positive if a programme of events were developed to encourage regular use and appreciation. (As the current situation is not known, this may already be taking place).
Site Name
Ryton, village green
Site Type: Specific
Village Green
SITE_STAT
Local List
HER Number
7674
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Fiona Green, 1995, A Guide to the Historic Parks and Gardens of Tyne and Wear, p 7; Gateshead Council Local List X20/LLG/25; T. Wild, 2004, Village England - a social history of the countryside, p 13; T. Rowley and J. Wood, 2000, Deserted Villages (third edition), p. 41; B.K. Roberts, 1977, Rural Settlement in Britain, p. 146; B.K. Roberts, 1987, The making of the English village - a study in historical geography, p. 151; Gateshead Local Studies places history for Ryton (http://www.asaplive.com/Local/Histories.cfm?ccs=529&cs=1987); Durham County Council website (http://www.durham.gov.uk/durhamcc/usp.nsf/pws/Common+Land+-+History+of+Village+Greens); BBC website (Restoration: Village; http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/restoration/2006/exploring_brit_villages_02.shtml)
YEAR1
2006