Scotswood Station on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway was opened in 1839. The station was primarily for goods and acted as a junction between the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway and the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. This situation changed with the taking over of the Scotswood branch in 1883. The station buildings included a coal depot, warehouse, loading dock and sidings to the adjacent Armstrong Whitworth Engineering Works. The station was seriously damaged by fire in October 1879. This caused the rearrangement of building function whilst new buildings were constructed. The station closed in 1967 - partly as a result of the construction work in Scotswood, and in particular the work for the present Scotswood Road Bridge.
Site Type: Broad
Railway Transport Site
SITEDESC
Scotswood Station on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. This station was opened in 1839. The station was primarily for goods and acted as a junction between the Scotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway and the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. This situation changed with the taking over of the Scotswood branch in 1883. The station buildings included a coal depot, warehouse, loading dock and sidings to the adjacent Armstrong Whitworth Engineering Works. The station was seriously damaged by fire in October 1879. This caused the rearrangement of building function whilst new buildings were constructed. The station closed in 1967 - partly as a result of the construction work in Scotswood, and in particular the work for the present Scotswood Road Bridge.
Site Name
Scotswood Station
Site Type: Specific
Railway Station
HER Number
4072
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4072 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
G. Whittle, 1979, The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, p 110-111, 115, 121, 184-185; The Archaeological Practice Ltd., 2008, Scotswood Housing Expo, Newcastle upon Tyne, Historic Buildings Recording
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
2096
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6374
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
According to I. Farrier, the colliery opened in the 1850s; originally identified as Delaval Colliery (Coal) on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan and Delaval Benwell Colliery on the 2nd edition OS mapping. Closed in 1901. Its owner was John O. Scott.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
According to I. Farrier, the colliery opened in the 1850s; originally identified as Delaval Colliery (Coal) on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan and Delaval Benwell Colliery on the 2nd edition OS mapping. Closed in 1901. Its owner was John O. Scott.
Site Name
Delaval Benwell Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4071
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4071 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk
I. Farrier - Newcastle Photo Archive
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
2115
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6431
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
Historic Ordnance Survey map evidence shows an Ice House in the grounds of Benwell House (HER ref. 1862).
Site Type: Broad
Icehouse
SITEDESC
An Ice House in the grounds of Benwell House (SMR 1862).
Site Name
Benwell, Ice House
Site Type: Specific
Icehouse
HER Number
4070
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4070 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
02
DAY2
24
District
Newcastle
Easting
2082
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6427
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
Benwell Low Water Works was built in 1857, along with other reservoirs at Fenham. The original engines were supplied by Morrison and Company and were 50hp horizontal cylinder types. These were replaced twice before electrically driven pumps were provided in 1924. The waterworks chimney and lodge are both grade 2 Listed Buildings. The Tudor style lodge, built for the Whittle Dean Water Company is of snecked sandstone with ashlar dressings and plinth, and has a central gothic-panelled door, mullioned cross windows and a Welsh slate roof. The octagonal pumping engine chimney in Flemish bond brick with ashlar dressings was built for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Co. in 1904 - consulting engineer was Charles Hawksley, resident engineer was A.L. Forster. LISTED GRADE 2
Site Type: Broad
Water Supply Site
SITEDESC
Benwell Low Water Works. The 1st edition OS mapping shows an engine house and filtering pond within the site. This site included Benwell Pumping Station. The land was purchased by the Whittle & Dean Water Company in the mid nineteenth century from William Hawthorn for £2000. Construction of Low Benwell Waterworks began in 1858. The complex included a 6 million gallon reservoir, another of 3 million gallons, a pumping station, chimney and lodge. The Whittle Dean Water Company formed in 1845 to supply clean water to Newcastle. The Provisional Committee for the company included Benwell related names such as Potter, Donkin, Hawthorn, Cruddas, Atkinson, Priestman, Lambert and Lamb. The engineer for the build was Robert Nicholson. Snecked sandstone with ashlar dressings and plinth. Welsh slate roof. Tudor style. Central gothic-panelled door. Mullioned cross windows. The original engines were supplied by Morrison and Company and were 50hp horizontal cylinder types. These were replaced twice before electrically driven pumps were added in 1924. By 1891 increasing water demand necessitated the building of a new pumping station to the west which was completed in 1904. The waterworks chimney and lodge are both listed grade 2. The pumping engine chimney dates to 1904 (Grade II). The Archaeological Practice and Peter Ryder recorded this site prior to the construction of a new modern pumping station adjacent to the historic buildings. The 1857 lodge is listed grade 2 and is described by Pevsner as a ‘pleasant Tudor-style cottage’. This is a single storey snecked sandstone building with tooled quoins and plinth and modern metal roof. The lower section of the chimney (1904) is ashlar with a moulded plinth and classical mouldings. The shaft of the chimney is brick with an ashlar band high up and a richly-moulded ashlar cap. The contemporary pump house, designed by consulting engineer Charles Hawksley and resident engineer A.L. Forster, is built of orange brick in Flemish bond with sandstone dressings, rusticated quoins and moulded cornice. The projecting porch has a large arched doorway and once had a balustraded parapet which has been destroyed by vandals. It has tall round-arched fenestration. The western block is built of bright orange brick and is later in date than the pump house. Building plan at TWM.
Site Name
Benwell Low Water Works
Site Type: Specific
Waterworks
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade II
HER Number
4069
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 4069 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
I.M. Ayris, & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p.69; The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2008, Benwell Pumping Station, Benwell, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological Assessment and Historic Buildings Recording; Pers Comm. I Farrier, West Newcastle Picture History Collection, June 2015; R W Rennison, 1979, Bringing Water to Tyneside - A History of Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2015
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4083
DAY1
02
DAY2
29
District
Newcastle
Easting
2122
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6508
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Fenham
Description
Adam's Main Pit (Coal) is marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 2nd edition plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Adam's Main Pit (Coal). This is not marked on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so probably out of use by 1895. This is in the same vicinity as the Edward Pit of Benwell Colliery, which opened in 1809. Could be one and the same.
Site Name
Adam's Main Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4068
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4068 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
2103
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6508
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Benwell
Description
Bank Top Quarry is marked as ‘Disused’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan (surveyed c. 1895).
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
Bank Top Quarry. This is marked as Disused on the 2nd edition OS mapping, of 1894-5 survey date.
Site Name
Bank Top Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4067
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4067 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Transport
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
3987
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
2209
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6622
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Fenham
Description
Fenham Turnpike Toll House on the Newcastle to Cambo Road is marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 2nd edition plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Road Transport Site
SITEDESC
Fenham Turnpike Toll House on the Newcastle to Cambo Road. This was out of use by 1895 as it is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping.
Site Name
Fenham Turnpike Toll House
Site Type: Specific
Toll House
HER Number
4066
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4066 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
2137
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6634
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Gosforth
Description
Lady Pit (Coal) is marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 2nd edition plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Lady Pit (Coal). This is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Lady Pit
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4065
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4065 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
4298
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
1984
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6381
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
A Paper Mill is shown at this location on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but on the 2nd edition plan the site is occupied by an Enamelling Works.
SITEASS
Paper manufacture began in Britain in the late C15. It was made by hand at first, from torn-up linen or cotton rags beaten up in water to a pulp. The pulp was sometimes boiled in caustic soda to remove impurities, and sometimes bleached to make fine quality white paper. The pulp was made into paper, a sheet at a time, in a mould made of fine copper wires. The wet paper sheets were then squeezed under a screw press to remove excess water, then hung on ropes in a drying loft. If intended for printing, the sheets were dipped in a gelatine size then dried again. In around 1650 the Hollander roller beater was invented. In the 1820s resin and alum were added at beating stage instead of the separate gelatine size and second drying stage. In the early C19 wood fibres began to replace old rags. Wood pulp and waste paper became the raw materials. Esparto grass from Spain and North Africa was introduced c.1860. Making paper in a continuous length began with the fourbrinier machine in 1807. This was imrpoved in 1820 by a steam drying section patented by Thomas Bonsor Crompton. By about 1830 half the paper made in Britain was made by machine. By 1860 95% was machine made. A typical 1860s paper mill would comprise reservoirs and filter beds for controlling the quality of the water, a rag store, sorting room, rope chopper, dusting house, Hollander beating house, boiling kiers, bleach house, paper making machines, paper cutting machines, glazing house, warehouse, boiler house and a copious water supply usually from a river (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Paper Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Paper Mill. The site is occupied on the 2nd edition OS mapping by an Enamelling Works.
Site Name
Scotswood, Paper Mill
Site Type: Specific
Paper Mill
HER Number
4064
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4064 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
02
District
Newcastle
Easting
1971
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6405
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Scotswood
Description
This Firebrick Manufactory is marked on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan, but is not shown on the 2nd edition plan, indicating that it was probably out of use by 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Brick and Tilemaking Site
SITEDESC
A Firebrick Manufactory. This is not shown on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so was out of use by 1895.
Site Name
Scotswood, firebrick manufactory
Site Type: Specific
Fire Clay Works
HER Number
4063
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4063 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1864, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 97