English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
20
District
Sunderland
Easting
4003
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5517
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Hendon
Description
Medieval ridge and furrow is visible as earthworks on air photographs in the non-civil parish of Sunderland, centred at NZ 401 552. Most appears to be extant on the latest 1992 Ordnance Survey vertical photography.
(1-2)
Site Type: Broad
Cultivation Marks
SITEDESC
Medieval ridge and furrow is visible as earthworks on air photographs in the non-civil parish of Sunderland, centred at NZ 401 552. Most appears to be extant on the latest 1992 Ordnance Survey vertical photography.
(1-2)
Site Name
Hendon, ridge and furrow
Site Type: Specific
Broad Ridge and Furrow
HER Number
12650
Form of Evidence
Earthwork
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1462618; RAF 106G/UK/873 6132 01-OCT-1945; RAF 106G/UK/873 6213 01-OCT-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
20
District
Sunderland
Easting
4078
Grid ref figure
8
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5598
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
Second World War 1939 to 1945
Place
Hendon
Description
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures and earthworks on air photographs examined as part of the North East Coast Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Second World War air raid shelters are visible as structures and earthworks on air photographs examined as part of the North East Coast Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment
Site Name
Commercial Road, air raid shelter
Site Type: Specific
Air Raid Shelter
HER Number
12649
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Archaeological Research Services Ltd, 2009, North East Rapid Coastal Zone Assessment; NMR Monument 1462622; RAF 106G/UK/873 6133 01-OCT-1945
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
28
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
62
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Heworth
Description
Uth' yar' in 1128, Vtiare in 1195, Vth yare. 'Ute' is Old English for outside, distant or on the outskirts. One of the monks' weirs. An out-yair is situated entirely in the course of the river and not attached to the bank at all. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Uth' yar' in 1128, Vtiare in 1195, Vth yare. 'Ute' is Old English for outside, distant or on the outskirts. One of the monks' weirs. An out-yair is situated entirely in the course of the river and not attached to the bank at all. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Heworth, Uth' yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12283
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
S Tyneside
Easting
33
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
65
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Jarrow
Description
Uth' yar' in 1128, Vtiare in 1195, Vth yare, Utyare in 1340 and frequently until 1518 with variations Ute, Out(e), Owte, Uttyng 1372-3 and 1495-6. 'Ute' is Old English for outside, distant or on the outskirts. One of the monks' weirs in Jarrow. Described in a lease of 1338 as the 'sectator of le Staneryare' (HER 12275). An out-yair is situated entirely in the course of the river and not attached to the bank at all. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Uth' yar' in 1128, Vtiare in 1195, Vth yare, Utyare in 1340 and frequently until 1518 with variations Ute, Out(e), Owte, Uttyng 1372-3 and 1495-6. 'Ute' is Old English for outside, distant or on the outskirts. One of the monks' weirs in Jarrow. Described in a lease of 1338 as the 'sectator of le Staneryare' (HER 12275). An out-yair is situated entirely in the course of the river and not attached to the bank at all. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G N Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Jarrow, Uth' yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12282
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
S Tyneside
Easting
33
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ36NW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
65
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Jarrow
Description
Hutteredes yar' in 1128, Vchtredesiare in 1195, Hutredes yare. Probably relates to the personal name Uhtraed. Owned by the monks. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Hutteredes yar' in 1128, Vchtredesiare in 1195, Hutredes yare. Probably relates to the personal name Uhtraed. Owned by the monks. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G N Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Jarrow, Hutteredes yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12281
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
281
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
632
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Felling
Description
Turnwater in 1344. 'Turn' is a variant of Old English 'trun' meaning circular or round. Owned by the bishop of Durham. Below Friar's Goose at NZ 275 635. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Turnwater in 1344. 'Turn' is a variant of Old English 'trun' meaning circular or round. Owned by the bishop of Durham. Below Friar's Goose at NZ 275 635. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Felling, Turnwater Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12280
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
233
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
627
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Teams
Description
Tonouithes yar' in 1128, Tinnmuthes, Tuumuiches yare, Tourinthes. The original was probably 'Tonmouthes yare' - weir at the mouth of the River Team. It beonged to the bishop of Durham and lay in the township of Whickham. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Tonouithes yar' in 1128, Tinnmuthes, Tuumuiches yare, Tourinthes. The original was probably 'Tonmouthes yare' - weir at the mouth of the River Team. It belonged to the bishop of Durham and lay in the township of Whickham. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Teams, Tonouithes yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12279
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
24
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
63
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
Toulershell in 1344. 'Stell' is Old English for a fishing station. 'Schela' is Old English for a fisherman's hut. 'Toullere' means a tax-gatherer. 'Toll-gear' would be a weir that pays a toll. Belonged to the bishop of Durham. Below Gateshead Park, east of the Tyne bridge. The weir at this fishery is probably Helperyare (HER 12257). The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Toulershell in 1344. 'Stell' is Old English for a fishing station. 'Schela' is Old English for a fisherman's hut. 'Toullere' means a tax-gatherer. 'Toll-gear' would be a weir that pays a toll. Belonged to the bishop of Durham. Below Gateshead Park, east of the Tyne bridge. The weir at this fishery is probably Helperyare (HER 12257). The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Gateshead, Toulershell fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12278
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
24
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SW
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
63
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Gateshead
Description
Suttel yar' in 1128, Lut(t)el yare. Means 'little weir'. 'Lytel' is old English. One of the bishop of Durham's weirs, west of the Tyne Bridge. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Suttel yar' in 1128, Lut(t)el yare. Means 'little weir'. 'Lytel' is old English. One of the bishop of Durham's weirs, west of the Tyne Bridge. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Gateshead, Suttel yar' Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12277
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009
English, British
Class
Agriculture and Subsistence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
02
District
Gateshead
Easting
28
Grid ref figure
4
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
62
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Heworth
Description
Sueor in 1195, Suere in 1279, Suor. 'Sewiere' is Old French for 'channel to carry off overflow from a fishpond'. After 1299 the word becomes sewer, syver, syre, seweres. Owned by the prior of Durham. Trespassed beyond its allowed extent by 51 Fathoms in 1279. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (eg. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}.
SITEASS
Piscaria is the legal right of fishing in certain waters. Free fishery meant the right to fish from royal grant. Several fishery meant the right to fish derived from ownership of soil. Common of fishery meant the right of fishing in another man's water. Common fishery was the right of all to fish in public waters. A piscaria was also a physical fishing establishment where fish are caught - a fish weir (gurges). The tidal part of the Tyne from Crawcrook to Tynemouth was divided lengthwise into three portions. That on the north side belonged to Northumberland, that to the south to the See of Durham, and the middle part was common and free to all. There were constant disputes concerning illegal expansion of weirs. The Prior of Tynemouth was accused of impeding the passage of ships to Newcastle with his weirs. After 1540 and the end of monastic power the burgesses of Newcastle took down the weirs. Fish were caught at the weirs by boat and net or by fish traps attached to weirs. Stall nets were stationary nets laid across a river, especially for catching sprats. Stilche ropes and draught ropes (for pulling or dragging) were also used. Sweep nets had one end fixed at the shore and the other taken out in a boat, rowed around in a half circle then brought back to shore entrapping fish. A stake net was attached to stakes driven into the river bed. These couldn't be used in deep water. Kiddles were a v-shaped series of stakes with a large net placed at the apex. They were left permanently in place until the stakes decayed or were destroyed by the tide. The deepening of the River Tyne by the Tyne Commissioners in the late C19 started the end of the Tyne fishing industry {V.E. Watts 1988; W. Yarrell, 1835-9, A History of British Fishes, Vol 2, p 23}.
Site Type: Broad
Fishing Site
SITEDESC
Sueor in 1195, Suere in 1279, Suor. 'Sewiere' is Old French for 'channel to carry off overflow from a fishpond'. After 1299 the word becomes sewer, syver, syre, seweres. Owned by the prior of Durham. Trespassed beyond its allowed extent by 51 Fathoms in 1279. The main catch would have been salmon, but in fact a wider range of fish would have been taken (e.g. Eels, pike, minnow, burbot, trout and lamprey' {G.N. Garmondsway (ed), 1939, 'Aelfric's Colloquy', pp 101-2}. Dated C12th.
Site Name
Heworth, Sueor Fishery
Site Type: Specific
Fish Weir
HER Number
12276
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Victor Watts, 1986, Some Northumbrian Fishery Names II in Durham Archaeological Journal, 2, 1986, pp 55-61
YEAR1
2009