Hazlerigg Colliery. This was opened 1892 by the Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company. It transferred in 1929 to the Hazlerigg and Burradon Coal Company Ltd, then to the National Coal Board in 1947. Closed 25th November 1964. There was a pumping shaft at NZ 227 717.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Hazlerigg Colliery. This was opened 1892 by the Burradon and Coxlodge Coal Company. It transferred in 1929 to the Hazlerigg and Burradon Coal Company Ltd, then to the National Coal Board in 1947. Closed 25th November 1964. There was a pumping shaft at NZ 227 717.
Site Name
Hazlerigg Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4240
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4240 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW; Durham Mining Museum www.dmm.org.uk; James T. Tuck, 1997, Collieries of Northumberland
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2005
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
2106
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
7151
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1895. It is marked by the British Geological Survey as " Three Pool ". This area has been mined for hundreds of years. 'North Pit Field' and 'South Pit Field' on the early 19th century Woolsington Estate plan (NRO 1219) presumably indicate the location of a coal pit or pits.
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. Marked by the British Geological Survey as " Three Pool ". This area has been mined for hundreds of years. 'North Pit Field' and 'South Pit Field' on the early 19th century Woolsington Estate plan (NRO 1219) presumably indicate the location of a coal pit.
Site Name
West Brunton, Mine Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4239
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4239 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW;
The Archaeological Practice, 1997, Newcastle International Airport, Cultural Heritage Assessment
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Ayris I.M
DAY1
07
DAY2
26
District
Newcastle
Easting
2113
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ27SW
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
04
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
7183
NORTHING2
0
parish
Hazlerigg
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Brunton
Description
This Shaft is marked as ‘Old’ on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, indicating that it was out of use by 1895. It is shown by the British Geological Survey as a shaft in Beeftub Plantation, along with a second shaft immediately south within the Plantation called "Water Gin".
Site Type: Broad
Mining Industry Site
SITEDESC
A Shaft, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, so out of use by 1895. It is shown by the British Geological Survey as a shaft in Beeftub Plantation, along with a second shaft immediately south within the Plantation called " Water Gin. "
Site Name
West Brunton, Mine Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Mine Shaft
HER Number
4238
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4238 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 88, NW;
The Archaeological Practice, 2021, Solar Farm Development, Newcastle International Airport, Newcastle upon Tyne, Archaeological evaluation.
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
1995
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
1635
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6779
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Throckley
Description
This Quarry appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan, where it is marked as ‘Old’, but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it dates from the period between 1858 and 1895.
Site Type: Broad
Mineral Extraction Site
SITEDESC
A Quarry, marked as Old on the 2nd edition OS mapping, but is not shown on the 1st edition, so was working between 1858 and 1895. It is nt shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so dates from after 1858.
Site Name
Throckley, Quarry
Site Type: Specific
Quarry
HER Number
4237
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4237 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
1241
DAY1
07
DAY2
24
District
Newcastle
Easting
1526
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6692
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Throckley
Description
An aqueduct was built from Whelton reservoir in Whittle Dean to Throckley Filter Beds in 1869. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company. This involved extensive terracing and excavation of the area of the treatment plant, during the course of which the 'Walbottle Hoard' (SMR 1421) was found. The water treatment works were reconstructed in 1956. The filter beds have suffered from a degree of subsidence over the years. The valve houses (HER 1964 and 1965) are listed buildings {1}. Northumbrian Water has decommissioned the water works at Throckley and the site will be redeveloped in due course. Tyne and Wear Museums were appointed to record this industrial site. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company, and linked to Whelton Reservoir in Whittle Dean by an aqueduct. The works were reconstructed in 1956. The two valve houses on either side of Hexham Road are listed grade 2. The northern valve house of 1870 stands within the waterworks site and is built of snecked sandstone with pecked quoins and dressings. It has a Welsh slate roof with overhanging eaves and a lead ball and spike finial. A sandstone block wall with semi-circular ashlar coping encloses the site and there are three sandstone gatepiers with chamfered edges next to Throckley Lodge. The naturally sloping site is retained by huge sandstone block revetment walls with red brick buttresses which allowed the site to be levelled some 3m above the height of Hexham Road. Arches in the base of the buttresses allow water to flow through a channel behind the wall. Above the sandstone wall is a five course red brick wall with ashlar coping stones. Inside the site are two tanks for aluminium sulphate, an administration building built in 1955, an electricity substation, two concrete filtration tanks, a settling tank with 24 courses of red brick and 12 courses of black-finished brick and chamfered concrete coping slabs and base. The filter beds are of similar construction, bordered by steel railings and with dividing walls forming catwalks. Water filtration removes colour from the water caused by peat or soil. The settling tanks allow the sludge to settle. The water is then filtered – originally through layers of sand and gravel, later through anthracite. Aluminium sulphate removes any remaining discolouration, lime maintains the alkalinity and chlorine the purity of the water, which was then pumped from the site by boaster pumps in the valve houses. A limited archaeological survey was undertaken in 2013 of the chamber below the north valve house.
Site Type: Broad
Water Disposal Site
SITEDESC
An aqueduct was built from Whelton reservoir in Whittle Dean to Throckley Filter Beds in 1869. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company. This involved extensive terracing and excavation of the area of the treatment plant, during the course of which the 'Walbottle Hoard' (SMR 1241) was found. The water treatment works were reconstructed in 1956. The filter beds have suffered from a degree of subsidence over the years. The valve houses (HER 1964 and 1965) are listed buildings {1}. Northumbrian Water has decommissioned the water works at Throckley and the site will be redeveloped in due course. Tyne and Wear Museums were appointed to record this industrial site. The water treatment works with extensive filter beds were completed in 1875 for the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Company, and linked to Whelton Reservoir in Whittle Dean by an aqueduct. The works were reconstructed in 1956. The two valve houses on either side of Hexham Road are listed grade 2. The northern valve house of 1870 stands within the waterworks site and is built of snecked sandstone with pecked quoins and dressings. It has a Welsh slate roof with overhanging eaves and a lead ball and spike finial. A sandstone block wall with semi-circular ashlar coping encloses the site and there are three sandstone gatepiers with chamfered edges next to Throckley Lodge. The naturally sloping site is retained by huge sandstone block revetment walls with red brick buttresses which allowed the site to be levelled some 3m above the height of Hexham Road. Arches in the base of the buttresses allow water to flow through a channel behind the wall. Above the sandstone wall is a five course red brick wall with ashlar coping stones. Inside the site are two tanks for aluminium sulphate, an administration building built in 1955, an electricity substation, two concrete filtration tanks, a settling tank with 24 courses of red brick and 12 courses of black-finished brick and chamfered concrete coping slabs and base. The filter beds are of similar construction, bordered by steel railings and with dividing walls forming catwalks. Water filtration removes colour from the water caused by peat or soil. The settling tanks allow the sludge to settle. The water is then filtered – originally through layers of sand and gravel, later through anthracite. Aluminium sulphate removes any remaining discolouration, lime maintains the alkalinity and chlorine the purity of the water, which was then pumped from the site by boaster pumps in the valve houses. A limited archaeological survey was undertaken in 2013 of the chamber below the north valve house.
Site Name
Throckley, Filter Beds (Water Treatment Works)
Site Type: Specific
Filter Bed
HER Number
4236
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 4236 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
Northern Couties Archaeological Service, 2001, Throckley Middle School, Hexham Road, Throckley Archaeological Assessment
T. Frain, 2002, Tyne and Wear Museums, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Hexham Road, Throckley, Archaeological Assessment
T. Frain & F. Garrett, 2004, Tyne and Wear Museums, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Hexham Road, Throckley, Archaeological Watching Brief
Allied Exploration & Geotechnics Ltd, 2004, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Decomission Ground Investigation
R.W. Rennison, 1979, Water to Tyneside: A History of the Newcastle and Gateshead Water Comp; AD Archaeology, 2013, Throckley Water Treatment Works, Additional Archaeological Recording
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
3938, 3984
DAY1
07
DAY2
18
District
Newcastle
Easting
1811
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
08
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6815
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Walbottle
Description
The first shaft sunk at the colliery was 'Old Fred Pit' started in 1891, and North Walbottle Colliery opened in 1892. Subsequently, Betty Pit opened in 1893 and Mary Pit was sunk in the same year and completed in 1894. Its coals were almost certainly transported to Lemington via the inclined plane. The Betty and Mary shafts were served by two magnificent steam winding engines (circa 1900) which were in turn served by boilers, of which two were the original hand-stoked versions. Also working until modern times were two steam powered water pumps and a steam powered drop-hammer. The colliery was notable for its drifted access saving travelling time underground, its pithead baths, its associated colliery village and for several other features. The principal owner before 1947 was the North Walbottle Coal Company. The colliery closed in 1968.
The site was redeveloped for housing in the 1970s, and the locations of two of the shafts are now preserved as flower beds with low stone walls in the verge of Mandarin Close, between numbers 4 and 10.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
The first shaft sunk at the colliery was 'Old Fred Pit' started in 1891, and North Walbottle Colliery opened in 1892 {1}. Subsequently, Betty Pit opened in 1893 and Mary Pit was sunk in the same year and completed in 1894. Its coals were almost certainly transported to Lemington via the inclined plane. The Betty and Mary shafts were served by two magnificent steam winding engines (circa 1900) which were in turn served by boilers, of which two were the original hand-stoked versions. Also working until modern times were two steam powered water pumps and a steam powered drop-hammer. The colliery was notable for its drifted access saving travelling time underground, its pithead baths, its associated colliery village and for several other features {2}. The principal owner before 1947 was the North Walbottle Coal Company. The colliery closed in 1968 {3}.
The site was redeveloped for housing in the 1970s, and the locations of two of the shafts are now preserved as flower beds with low stone walls in the verge of Mandarin Close, between numbers 4 and 10.
Site Name
North Walbottle Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4235
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4235 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
Newcastle Libraries, 1977, Whatever happened to the pits? Elswick to Throckley Notes from exhibition at Denton Park Library, June 1977
S.M. Linsley, 1968, North Walbottle Project, The Industrial Archaeology Group for the North East, Bulletin 5
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2023
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Rachel Grahame
Crossref
4233
DAY1
07
DAY2
03
District
Newcastle
Easting
16571
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
10
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
06
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
68807
NORTHING2
0
parish
Woolsington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Black Callerton
Description
Callerton Colliery is first shown on the Ordnance Survey second edition map, indicating that it dates from after 1858. It lies to the north of Lough House (HER19173). Modern aerial photography shows that that some buildings survive, although the site is overgrown.
Site Type: Broad
Coal Mining Site
SITEDESC
Callerton Colliery is first shown on the Ordnance Survey second edition map, indicating that it dates from after 1858. It lies to the north of Lough House (HER19173). Modern aerial photography shows that that some buildings survive, although the site is overgrown.
Site Name
Callerton Colliery
Site Type: Specific
Colliery
HER Number
4234
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4234 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
YEAR1
1994
YEAR2
2025
English, British
Class
Unassigned
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
Crossref
4234
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
1649
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6889
NORTHING2
0
parish
Woolsington
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Black Callerton
Description
This Air Shaft, possibly related to Callerton Colliery appears on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey plan but is not shown on the 1st edition plan, indicating that it dates from after 1858.
Site Type: Broad
Shaft
SITEDESC
An Air Shaft, possibly related to Callerton Colliery. It is not shown on the 1st edition OS mapping, so dates from after 1858.
Site Name
Black Callerton, Air Shaft
Site Type: Specific
Ventilation Shaft
HER Number
4233
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4233 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 87, SE
YEAR1
1994
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
DAY1
06
District
Newcastle
Easting
1701
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6503
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newburn
Description
This was the Rolling Mill for Spencer's Steel Works (HER ref. 4231). It was built circa 1900 and probably produced the steel plate for the Mauretania in 1904. The works closed in the 1960s but this building survived and was reused.
SITEASS
This was a machine for shaping iron or steel bars into items such as flat plates or shaped girders, rails and plates. The metal was passed through pairs of steel rolls while white hot, profiled to produce the required cross-section. Rolling mills date from as early as 1696 (Pontypool, Wales) (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
This was the Rolling Mill for Spencer's Steel Works, (SMR 4231). It was built circa 1900 and probably produced the steel plate for the Mauretania in 1904. The works closed in the 1960s but this building survives and has been reused.
Site Name
Spencer's Steel Works, Rolling Mill
Site Type: Specific
Rolling Mill
HER Number
4232
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 4232 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 96, NE
I.M. Ayris, & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p.50
YEAR1
1994
English, British
ADDITINF
y
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Truman L.P.H
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4232
DAY1
06
DAY2
05
District
Newcastle
Easting
1700
EASTING2
0
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16NE
MONTH1
09
MONTH2
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6533
NORTHING2
0
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Newburn
Description
The firm of John Spencer and Sons Ltd. was founded in the year 1810 by John Spencer who had been an apprentice in the Sheffield Steel Works, and afterwards was employed for some time at the works of Crowley and Millington at Winlaton. Spencer's original works was established at Newburn in 1822, when he acquired a water mill from the Duke of Northumberland and converted it for file grinding. This mill, later used for rolling steel, was known as Number 1 mill, and was situated in Walbottle Dene, behind the fire station of modern times. In 1824 John Spencer took into partnership his brother William, and in 1830 further land was acquired, along with a 30 foot breast wheel situated some distance from the corn mill. This became the grinding mill proper and converting furnaces were built, and a crucible plant. The works concentrated on making springs for the Railway industry and by 1900 had expanded to cover 60 acres and employed 1800 people. By this time they had diversified into steel plate and in 1904 produced the plate for the "Mauretania". In the 1920s the firm collapsed but was revived in 1928 as John Spencer and Sons, making railway axles and springs, then gun springs and barrels during World War Two. The firm closed in the 1960s but some 19th century buildings survive on the original site in Walbottle Dene, whilst on the later larger site between Lemington Road and the river, one major building from the steelworks has been reused. The stone buildings used by North East concrete on Walbottle Road have been demolished to make way for housing, but were recorded beforehand (Tyne and Wear Museums 2005). The only remaining building is now Clayton House on Walbottle Road. There was an archaeological desk based assessment of the Woodside Haulage Site in 2004 (Tyne and Wear Museums). This was followed by two phases of evaluation trenching in February and March 2005 and April and May 2006 (Tyne and Wear Museums, August 2008). The subsurface remains of the steelworks including the extensive flue system survives in excellent condition. The remains are part of the c.1872 expansion of the steelworks which co-incided with the introduction of a Siemens open hearth furnace for the Siemens-Martin Acid Process of mass production of steel for construction and ship building. The Newburn works represents an early example of manufacturing Siemens steel.
SITEASS
Several buildings remain along the south end of Walbottle Road and are still in use for other purposes (concrete supplier and plant hire) although the main block which contained the forge and foundry have been demolished {4}. The stone buildings used by North East concrete on Walbottle Road have been demolished to make way for housing, but were recorded beforehand (Tyne and Wear Museums 2005). The only remaining building is now Clayton House on Walbottle Road. There was an archaeological desk based assessment of the Woodside Haulage Site in 2004 (Tyne and Wear Museums). This was followed by two phases of evaluation trenching in February and March 2005 and April and May 2006 (Tyne and Wear Museums, August 2008). The subsurface remains of the steelworks including the extensive flue system survives in excellent condition. The remains are part of the c.1872 expansion of the steelworks which co-incided with the introduction of a Siemens open hearth furnace for the Siemens-Martin Acid Process of mass production of steel for construction and ship building. The Newburn works represents an early example of manufacturing Siemens steel. Results to be published in Industrial Archaeology Review. More tunnels and flues survive on the scrapyard site opposite the haulage yard. Three tunnels have their entrances built into a wall. One of them still has rails in-situ.
Site Type: Broad
Metal Industry Site
SITEDESC
Spencer's original works was established at Newburn in 1822, using a water mill converted for file grinding. The works concentrated on making springs for the Railway industry and by 1900 had expanded to cover 60 acres and employed 1800 people. By this time they had diversified into steel plate and in 1904 produced the plate for the "Mauretania". In the 1920s the firm collapsed but was revived in 1928 as John Spencer and Sons, making railway axles and springs, then gun springs and barrels during World War Two. The firm closed in the 1960s but some 19th century buildings survive on the original site in Walbottle Dene, whilst on the later larger site between Lemington Road and the river, one major building from the steelworks has been reused {2}. The nearby works, (SMR 4232), was the Rolling Mill for the Steel Works. The firm of John Spencer and Sons Ltd. Was founded in the year 1810 by John Spencer who had been an apprentice in the Sheffield Steel Works, and afterwards was employed for some time at the works of Crowley and Millington at Winlaton. He commenced business as a file manufacturer in Newcastle, having a warehouse in the White Horse Yard, Groat Market and a factory where files were made in the Fighting Cocks Yard, Bigg Market. In 1822 he moved to Newburn, where he acquired land and a water driven corn mill (SMR 4940?) from the Duke of Northumberland. The object was to secure water power for the grinding of files, and later for rolling steel, in what was then known as Number 1 mill, which was situated in Walbottle Dene, behind the present fire station. In 1824 John Spencer took into partnership his brother William, and in 1830 further land was acquired, along with a 30ft breast wheel situated some distance from the corn mill. This became the grinding mill proper and converting furnaces were built, and a crucible plant {3}. The works has 11 chimneys which were 130 feet high each made of 75,000 bricks. These were demolished in 1933 {Clive Hardy 1990}.
Site Name
Spencer's Steel Works
Site Type: Specific
Steel Works
HER Number
4231
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 4231 >> J. Armstrong, History of Newburn
2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1899, 6 inch scale, Northumberland, 96, NE
I.M. Ayris, & S.M. Linsley, 1994, A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Tyne and Wear, p.50
Tyne and Wear Industrial Monuments Trust, Newburn Plan Area; C. Peters (Tyne and Wear Museums), 2004, Woodside Haulage Yard, Newburn - Archaeological Desk Based Assessment; Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Building Recording Report of Buildings on Walbottle Road, Newburn; A. Telford and S. Speak (Tyne and Wear Museums), 2008, Woodside Haulage Yard, Newburn - Archaeological Evaluation; Underground Tunnels West Newcastle - UK Urban Exploration Forums, http://www.28dayslater.co.uk