English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
5461
DAY1
17
District
Sunderland
Easting
404
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ45NW
MATERIAL
Sandstone
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
572
General Period
EARLY MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Early Medieval 410 to 1066
Place
Sunderland
Description
Stone bowl-shaped object found in the car park to the east of Phoenix Masonic Hall, Queen Street East around 1984. It was taken to a private garden in Plains Farm, Sunderland, where it remained until donated to Sunderland Museum in August 2000. Similar bowls have been found at Dalden Tower in Dalton-le-Dale, and Newton Hall, County Durham. All three bowls are made of fine sandstone and are shaped like tubs with a small hole in the bottom. The Sunderland bowl is 29cm high, walls around 7cm thick and the diameter of the bowl is 40.4cm. There is no decoration, but diagonal markings and lettering near the rim might represent tool markings. Interpreted as a possible Ecclesiatical vessel, such as a stoup. There was a religious house in Sunderland dedicated to the Virgin Mary by at least 1535. A plan of 1715 shows the area now occupied by Queen Street East as "Chapel Hill". It seems possible therefore that this might be an early chapel site.
SITEASS
Development in this area should be preceded by archaeological evaluation.
Site Type: Broad
Findspot
SITEDESC
Stone bowl-shaped object found in the car park to the east of Phoenix Masonic Hall, Queen Street East around 1984. It was taken to a private garden in Plains Farm, Sunderland, where it remained until donated to Sunderland Museum in August 2000. Similar bowls have been found at Dalden Tower in Dalton-le-Dale, and Newton Hall, County Durham. All three bowls are made of fine sandstone and are shaped like tubs with a small hole in the bottom. The Sunderland bowl is 29cm high, walls around 7cm thick and the diameter of the bowl is 40.4cm. There is no decoration, but diagonal markings and lettering near the rim might represent tool markings. Interpreted as a possible Ecclesiastical vessel, such as a stoup. There was a religious house in Sunderland dedicated to the Virgin Mary by at least 1535. A plan of 1715 shows the area now occupied by Queen Street East as "Chapel Hill". It seems possible therefore that this might be an early chapel site.
Site Name
Queen Street East, Early Medieval stone bowl
Site Type: Specific
Bowl
HER Number
5460
Form of Evidence
Find
Sources
<< HER 5460 >> Clive R. Hart & Elizabeth Okasha, 2003, Early Medieval Stone Bowls from Sunderland, Dalden and Durham Durham, Archaeological Journal, 17, 2003, pp 13-15
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
S Tyneside
Easting
3486
EASTING2
3485
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ36SW
MATERIAL
Brick
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
6091
NORTHING2
6093
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
West Boldon
Description
During the construction of new houses in the grounds of Ascot House ("Wayside" on modern maps) two brick lined wells were found. One was better preserved than the other as an interceptor sewer had been built over one of them. The better preserved well measured c2.5 metres in diameter and was at least 8 metres deep. Not shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, so later than 1850. Probably associated with the market gardens of Ascot House (late 19th century). The wells have been infilled with concrete for safety.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
During the construction of new houses in the grounds of Ascot House ("Wayside" on modern maps) two brick lined wells were found. One was better preserved than the other as an interceptor sewer had been built over one of them. The better preserved well measured c2.5m in diameter and was at least 8m deep. Not shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, so later than 1850. Probably associated with the market gardens of Ascot House (late C19). The wells have been infilled with concrete for safety.
Site Name
Ascot House, two wells
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
5459
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
<< HER 5459 >> Pers. Comm. Brian Reston, Bowey Construction, 2003
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Defence
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
17
District
Newcastle
Easting
220
Grid ref figure
6
HISTORY_TOPIC
World Wars
Map Sheet
NZ26NW
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
657
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Fenham
Description
Anderson shelter of WW2 origin recorded in the garden of 62 Linum Place in June 2003 prior to demolition. The shelter was entirely above ground.
Site Type: Broad
Civil Defence Site
SITEDESC
Anderson shelter recorded in garden of 62 Linum Place in June 2003 prior to demolition. The shelter was entirely above ground.
Site Name
62 Linum Place, Anderson Shelter
Site Type: Specific
Anderson Shelter
HER Number
5458
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5458 >> Pers. Comm. J. Morrison, 2003
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
17
DAY2
12
District
Newcastle
Easting
2516
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MATERIAL
Timber
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
NMRNUMBER
NZ 26 SE 210
Northing
6385
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Elizabethan 1558 to 1603
Place
Newcastle
Description
41 and 44 Sandhill - Bessie Surtees House and Milbank House. Sixteenth and seventeenth century merchant's houses, later shops, now united into one property. Milbank House (No. 44) refronted 1721. No. 41 retains its original timber-framed façade. The plaster frontage is decorated with classical details such as Roman Doric pilasters and curved brackets. Interior - retains the dark 17th century carved oak panelling, plaster ceilings with elaborate decoration and ornate chimney pieces. The interior was restored and refitted in the 1930s when it and the adjoining Millbank House were bought by S R Vereker (Viscount Gort) using many original features plus architectural salvage. The rear wing of the house was almost entirely rebuilt. The chimneypiece on the first floor does appear to belong to the house - it is dated 1657 and bears the arms and initials of past owners Cock and Davison. The first floor plaster ceiling however was renewed in 1932. Another chimney originated in Cosyn's House, Quayside. In 1978 Tyne and Wear County Council bought the two houses from the Gort Estate and another major restoration programme began in 1982. During this period, the houses were archaeologically recorded. Newcastle City Council leased the building to English Heritage in 1989. Historical note - Bessie Surtees, daughter of merchant Aubone Surtees, eloped from a first floor window of the house on 18 November 1772 to Scotland to marry John Scott, the son of a coal merchant from Love Lane. When the families were reconciled some time later, there was an English marriage ceremony in St Nicholas' Cathedral. John Scott became a successful lawyer and later, as Lord Eldon, Lord Chancellor of England. LISTED GRADE 1
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
41 and 44 Sandhill - Bessie Surtees House and Milbank House. Sixteenth and seventeenth century merchant's houses, later shops, now united into one property. Milbank House (No. 44) refronted c1721. No. 41 retains its original timber-framed façade. The plaster frontage is decorated with classical details such as Roman Doric pilasters and curved brackets. Interior - retains the dark C17 carved oak panelling, plaster ceilings with elaborate decoration and ornate chimney pieces. The interior was restored and refitted in the 1930s when it and the adjoining Millbank House were bought by S R Vereker (Viscount Gort) using many original features plus architectural salvage. The rear wing of the house was almost entirely rebuilt. The chimneypiece on the first floor does appear to belong to the house - it is dated 1657 and bears the arms and initials of past owners Cock and Davison. The first floor plaster ceiling however was renewed in 1932. Another chimney originated in Cosyn's House, Quayside. In 1978 Tyne and Wear County Council bought the two houses from the Gort Estate and another major restoration programme began in 1982. During this period, the houses were archaeologically recorded. Newcastle City Council leased the building to English Heritage in 1989. Superb example of timber framed townhouse and rare example of deign refined by the Renaissance. Historical note - Bessie Surtees, daughter of merchant Aubone Surtees, eloped from a first floor window of the house on 18 November 1772 to Scotland to marry John Scott, the son of a coal merchant from Love Lane. When the families were reconciled some time later, there was an English marriage ceremony in St Nicholas' Cathedral. John Scott became a successful lawyer and later, as Lord Eldon, Lord Chancellor of England. The barley-sugar-twisted chimneys behind No. 41 are of the 1930s. No. 44 has a plasterwork corner motif in the mid C17 room.
Site Name
41 and 44 Sandhill, Bessie Surtees House
Site Type: Specific
Merchants House
SITE_STAT
Listed Building Grade I
HER Number
5457
Form of Evidence
Extant Building
Sources
<< HER 5457 >> Dept. of National Heritage, of Buildings of Special ... Interest, 24/617
D. Heslop, G. McCombie & C. Thomson, 1994, Bessie Surtees House - Two Merchant Houses in Sandhill, Newcastle, Archaeologia Aeliana, 5th Series, Vol XXII, pp 1-29
B. Saunders, 1997, Bessie Surtees - Her Life and Times
F. Graham, 1972, The Sandhill Historical Note
N. Pensner, 1992, The Buildings of England - Northumberland, p 470
H. Bourne, 1736, The History of Newcastle upon Tyne
H. Conyers-Surtees, 1925, Records of the Family of Surtees
R. Hawkins, 1990, 18th November 1772, The elopement of Bessie Surtees, Project for University of Durham, Cert in Local History
E. Mackenzie, 1827, A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Town and County of Newcastle
Newcastle City Archaeology Unit, 1992, Bessie Surtees House, Watching Brief during renovations; Grace McCombie, 2009, Newcastle and Gateshead - Pevsner Architectural Guide, p. 10 and 11, 105; Frank Graham, 2005, Newcastle A Short History and Guide; English Heritage, 2010, Bessie Surtees House, Sandhill - Dendrochronological Analysis, Research Department Report Series No. 26;
YEAR1
2003
YEAR2
2015
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
2624
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6436
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ouseburn
Description
Shown on the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1898. Annotated as "Lime Street Pottery" on a 1:500 map of same date. The pottery, at 5 Lime Street, is listed as being run by J.R. Forster, earthenware manufacturer in Ward's Directory of 1892. By the 1920s there was a Roman Catholic Church on this site, with a boy's club, gym and boxing ring. Although the site is cleared, sandstone retaining walls survive in the bank to the rear.
Site Type: Broad
Pottery Manufacturing Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1898. Annotated as "Lime Street Pottery" on a 1:500 map of same date. The pottery, at 5 Lime Street, is listed as being run by J.R. Forster, earthenware manufacturer in Ward's Directory of 1892. By the 1920s there was a Roman Catholic Church on this site, with a boy's club, gym and boxing ring. Although the site is cleared, sandstone retaining walls survive in the bank to the rear.
Site Name
Lime Street Pottery
Site Type: Specific
Pottery Works
HER Number
5456
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5456 >> 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map, 1898
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
Crossref
16825
DAY1
07
DAY2
04
District
Newcastle
Easting
2602
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
03
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6453
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Ouseburn
Description
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. A building recording which included several buildings on Coquet Street was carried out by Alan Williams in 2009. Some buildings contained remnants of the tannery and leather works. The buildings which stood in 2009 all post dated the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map with many 20th century in date.
SITEASS
Tanning is the conversion of animal hides and skins into leather by soaking them in a liquid containing tannin. Tanning was carried out in tanyards - open sided buildings with many large pits in which the hides were treated. Hair and wool was cleaned by soaking the hides in milk of lime. The pelts were then soaked in tannin (a vegetable material found in the bark of birch, elm, hemlock, larch, oak , spruce and willow). The bark is ground to a powder in a bark mill, then soaked in water for six to eight weeks to extract the tannic acid (leaching). The pelts were soaked for up to ten months in 'layer pits' containing tannin of different strength, starting with the weakest solution first, with pieces of oak bark between each pelt. After soaking, the pelts, now leather were then hand scrubbed and rolled with a weighted hand roller. In C19 wood-lined tanning drums were introduced to replace hand scrubbing. At the end of the century chromium was used to produce chrome leathers. The leather could be dyed by a currier (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Leather Industry Site
SITEDESC
Shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map as a grid of tanning pits. The Stepney Tannery was one of a number which developed around the Ouseburn on the back of the large scale facilities for slaughtering cattle which had been shipped in to the Ouseburn from elsewhere. Map analysis suggests that most of the tannery buildings were demolished in the 1930s when the tannery closed. A building recording which included several buildings on Coquet Street was carried out by Alan Williams in 2009. Some buildings contained remnants of the tannery and leather works. The buildings which stood in 2009 all post dated the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map with many 20th century in date.
Site Name
Stepney Tannery, Stepney Bank
Site Type: Specific
Tannery
HER Number
5455
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5455 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850, Alan Williams Archaeology, 2009, Coquet Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, Historic Building Recording; Alan Williams Archaeology, 2009, Coquet Street, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2003
YEAR2
2014
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
2587
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6456
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Newcastle
Description
A saw mill and timber yard is shown on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
SITEASS
Saw mills replaced saw pits, and were water powered at first. Mechanised sawing was by frame saws which imitated the action of the old sawpit using straight rip saws. Later circular saws came into use (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology).
Site Type: Broad
Wood Processing Site
SITEDESC
A saw mill and timber yard is shown on 1st edition Ordnance Survey map.
Site Name
Register Street, Saw mill & timber yard
Site Type: Specific
Saw Mill
HER Number
5454
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5454 >> 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, 1850
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
07
District
Newcastle
Easting
2624
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6441
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ouseburn
Description
Lime kiln shown on Oliver's plan of 1830. Not shown on Oliver's 1844 plan or the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The lime kiln was built into the bank of the Ouseburn and was served by keels for lime and coal. In 1827 MacKenzie commented that "the burning of limestone is not only a great nuisence to the neighbourhood but also dangerous to passengers riding past. It is hoped that the Corporation will remove a work so disagreeable and dangerous".
SITEASS
Lime kiln - stone or brick structure for calcining brooken limestone to make powdered quicklime for agricultural, construction and industrial uses. Limestone was broken up and fed into the top of the kiln onto a charcoal fire. After burning, the powdered lime was raked out through an opening at the front of the kiln. By the early C20 bulk production using machinery for crushing the stone and burning it in Hoffman kilns saw the demise of lime kilns (William Jones, 1996, Dictionary of Industrial Archaeology, AB Searle, 1935, Limestone and its products, R. Williams, 1990, Lime kilns and limeburning, Shire Publications).
Site Type: Broad
Chemical Industry Site
SITEDESC
Lime kiln shown on Oliver's plan of 1830. Not shown on Oliver's 1844 plan or 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The lime kiln was built into the bank of the Ouseburn and was served by keels for lime and coal. In 1827 MacKenzie commented that "the burning of limestone is not only a great nuisence to the neighbourhood but also dangerous to passengers riding past. It is hoped that the Corporation will remove a work so disagreeable and dangerous".
Site Name
Lime Street, Lime Kiln
Site Type: Specific
Lime Kiln
HER Number
5453
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5453 >> T. Oliver, 1830, Plan of Newcastle upon Tyne
Wardell Armstrong, 2003, 7-17 Lime Street, Archaeological Assessment
Ouseburn Heritage, Issue 1, p 4
MacKenzie, 1827, History of Newcastle
YEAR1
2003
English, British
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Religious Ritual and Funerary
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
963, 2582
DAY1
06
District
S Tyneside
Easting
381
Grid ref figure
6
Map Sheet
NZ36SE
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
622
General Period
MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Medieval 1066 to 1540
Place
Cleadon
Description
Five burials were found near Cleadon Tower in 1927. Wawn suggests that they were members of the Chambers family of Cleadon House, who had a dispute with the Bishop of Durham, which led to their excommunication. As excommunicants, they would have been denied the right to burial in consecrated ground. The burials may have been exhumed from a small gravel pit close to Cleadon House (HER 2582).
Site Type: Broad
Burial
SITEDESC
Five burials were found near Cleadon Tower in 1927. Wawn suggests that they were members of the Chambers family of Cleadon House, who had a dispute with the Bishop of Durham, which led to their excommunication. As excommunicants, they would have been denied the right to burial in consecrated ground. The burials may have been exhumed from a small gravel pit close to Cleadon House (HER 2582).
Site Name
Cleadon, five human burials
Site Type: Specific
Inhumation
HER Number
5452
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5452 >> John Mabbitt, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2003, 2-4 Sunderland Road, Cleadon, Archaeological Assessment
W. Hutchinson, 1785, The History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, Volume 2
D. Wawn, Cleadon, County Durham: Notes on its Antiquities
YEAR1
2003
English, British
Class
Industrial
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Claire MacRae
DAY1
22
DAY2
30
District
Newcastle
Easting
2597
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ26SE
MONTH1
08
MONTH2
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6455
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Ouseburn
Description
At the western end of Stepney Pottery (HER 5281) on Stepney Bank stood a five-sailed windmill. The operator was listed in a 1858 directory as a sand miller. The mill was possibly designed by the famous engineer Smeaton. The site was cleared for the building of Byker Bridge.
Site Type: Broad
Power Generation Site
SITEDESC
At the western end of Stepney Pottery (HER 5281) on Stepney Bank stood a five-sailed windmill. Shown on Donkin's survey of 1767 and as "Stepney wind mill" on Wood's plan of 1827. The operator was listed in a 1858 directory as a sand miller. The mill was possibly designed by the famous engineer Smeaton. The windmill is last depicted on the First Edition Plan, 1859. The site was cleared for the building of Byker Bridge.
Site Name
Stepney Bank, windmill
Site Type: Specific
Windmill
HER Number
5451
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
<< HER 5451 >> I. Ayris, Ouseburn Heritage, p 22; The Archaeological Practice Ltd. 2008, Stepney Bank, Newcastle upon Tyne - Archaeological Assessment
YEAR1
2003
YEAR2
2015