English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1903
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6209
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Axwell Park
Description
A well is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition.
Site Type: Broad
Water Storage Site
SITEDESC
A well is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition.
Site Name
Axwell Park, well
Site Type: Specific
Well
HER Number
7909
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1901
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6210
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Axwell Park
Description
An icehouse is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition.
Site Type: Broad
Icehouse
SITEDESC
An icehouse is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition.
Site Name
Axwell Park, icehouse
Site Type: Specific
Icehouse
HER Number
7908
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Recreational
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1893
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6202
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Axwell Park
Description
Kennels are shown on Ordnance Survey first edition, presumably for hunting dogs.
Site Type: Broad
Animal House
SITEDESC
Kennels are shown on Ordnance Survey first edition, presumably for hunting dogs.
Site Name
Axwell Park, kennels
Site Type: Specific
Kennels
HER Number
7907
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Water Supply and Drainage
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994, 7905
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1964
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6240
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Axwell Park
Description
A sluice is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition on the north side of the lake.
Site Type: Broad
Water Regulation Installation
SITEDESC
A sluice is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition on the north side of the lake.
Site Name
Axwell Park, sluice
Site Type: Specific
Sluice
HER Number
7906
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994, 4993
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1949
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6220
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Axwell Park
Description
Described on the Ordnance Survey first edition as a "fish pond" but it was in fact a 1km long ornamental serpentine lake, with a boat house (HER 7904) and sluice (HER 7906). The lake began life as a millpond created in 1638 by William Selby III of the White House to power a mill to pump water out of his coal workings. See HER 13587.

The lake was used for curling by the Newcastle and North Shields Curling Club. The club formed in Percy Main in 1843, and played matches at Clousden Hill and Fenham before moving to Axwell Park. In 1864 the club moved to an artificial pond in Pelaw.
Site Type: Broad
Water Feature
SITEDESC
Described on the Ordnance Survey first edition as a "fish pond" but it was in fact a 1km long ornamental serpentine lake, with a boat house (HER 7904) and sluice (HER 7906). The lake began life as a millpond created in 1638 by William Selby III of the White House to power a mill to pump water out of his coal workings. See HER 13587.
The lake was used for curling by the Newcastle and North Shields Curling Club. The club formed in Percy Main in 1843, and played matches at Clousden Hill and Fenham before moving to Axwell Park. In 1864 the club moved to an artificial pond in Pelaw.
Site Name
Axwell Park, serpentine lake
Site Type: Specific
Ornamental Lake
HER Number
7905
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850; G. Stobbs, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Axwell Park, Blaydon, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment; N.G. Rippeth, 1990, Blaydon in old picture postcards; Eric Clavering and Alan Rounding, 1995, Early Tyneside Industrialism: The lower Derwent and Blaydon Burn Valleys 1550-1700, Archaeologia Aeliana, Series 5, Vol XXIII, pages 249-268; Alan Rounding, 2011, Winlaton Waggonways >1633-1720, Winlaton/Brockwell I >1633-c1720, East Winlaton I >1633-c1655 (unpublished text for HER); https://sites.google.com/a/curlingplaces.info/cp3/places/4094-axwell-park-newcastle; Newcastle Curling Club, Jubilee Banquet in The Newcastle Courant, Saturday February 25, 1893, https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B92iT6R7LDN-Q254TGgtOFlZUVU/edit;
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994, 4993
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1950
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6234
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Axwell Park
Description
A boat house is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition on the north side of the lake.
Site Type: Broad
Garden Building
SITEDESC
A boat house is shown on Ordnance Survey first edition on the north side of the lake.
Site Name
Axwell Park, boat house
Site Type: Specific
Boat House
HER Number
7904
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Ordnance Survey first edition map 1850
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
N
Class
Domestic
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994, 4993
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1948
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
6235
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Victorian 1837 to 1901
Place
Axwell Park
Description
On the north side of the lake was a house covered in shells known as "Shell House", which Bourn notes was demolished by fire by Sir Henry A. Clavering on 22nd March 1876 after it had fallen into decay.
Site Type: Broad
House
SITEDESC
On the north side of the lake was a house covered in shells known as "Shell House", which Bourn notes was demolished by fire by Sir Henry A. Clavering on 22nd March 1876 after it had fallen into decay.
Site Name
Axwell Park, Shell House
Site Type: Specific
Detached House
HER Number
7903
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
G. Stobbs, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Axwell Park, Blaydon, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment; W. Bourn, 1896, History of the Parish of Ryton
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
4994, 4993
DAY1
28
District
Gateshead
Easting
1925
EASTING2
1921
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ16SE
MONTH1
11
Grid Reference
NZ
NGR2
NZ
Northing
6231
NORTHING2
6215
General Period
POST MEDIEVAL
Specific Period
Hanoverian 1714 to 1837
Place
Axwell Park
Description
A retaining wall fronted by a ditch, running northeast to southwest from the walled garden (HER 6024). The wall is constructed of small to medium roughly hewn sandstone blocks.
Site Type: Broad
Ha Ha
SITEDESC
A retaining wall fronted by a ditch, running northeast to southwest from the walled garden (HER 6024). The wall is constructed of small to medium roughly hewn sandstone blocks.
Site Name
Axwell Park, ha-ha
Site Type: Specific
Ha Ha
HER Number
7902
Form of Evidence
Structure
Sources
G. Stobbs, Tyne and Wear Museums, 2005, Axwell Park, Blaydon, Tyne and Wear - Archaeological Assessment
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
Class
Monument <By Form>
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
DAY1
04
District
Sunderland
Easting
3106
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ35SW
MONTH1
10
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
5408
General Period
UNCERTAIN
Specific Period
Uncertain
Place
Fatfield
Description
According to the legend, the "Lambton Worm" coiled itself three times around the hill. Some say that this relates to Penshaw Hill where the Earl of Durham's Monument is located (HER 3094) - there are earthworks around Penshaw Hill. The young heir of the Lambton Estate, according to the rhyme, was finishing one Sunday when he was supposed to be at church, and caught an "evil-looking worm" which he tore off his hook and through down a well. Whilst the boy grew up and went abroad to fight, the worm grew in the well until it had the strength to climb out. Eventually it slithered out, basked on a rock during the day, and then coiled itself round the hill near Lambton Castle. It became the terror of the neighbourhood, eating sheep, lambs and cows, trampling cornfields and meadows. In desperation the farmers filled a trough in Lambton Castle with milk, and the worm drank the equivalent of the yield of nine cows every day. Many knights tried and failed to kill the worm. After seven years the young Lord of Lambton returned from battle. He consulted a witch who told him that after he had killed the worm, he must slay the first living thing he met, or the Lords of Lambton would be cursed, never to die in their beds for nine generations. Lord Lambton stood on a rock in the river, his armour studded with blades, and cut off part of the worm's tail. The worm coiled itself round the Lord's body and legs, and was cut by the spear blades on his armour. The Lord cut the creature into pieces, which were washed away by the River Wear. Seeing the death of the monster, the young Lord's father rushed to congratulate him. The son could not obey the witch's advise and so killed a hound which had come out of the wood. So the worm was slain, but it was said that for nine generations no Lord of Lambton died peacefully in his bed.
SITEASS
Not an archaeological site, but a significant local landmark connected with a local legend.
Site Type: Broad
Feature
SITEDESC
According to the legend, the "Lambton Worm" coiled itself three times around the hill. Some say that this relates to Penshaw Hill where the Earl of Durham's Monument is located (HER 3094) - there are earthworks around Penshaw Hill. The young heir of the Lambton Estate, according to the rhyme, was finishing one Sunday when he was supposed to be at church, and caught an "evil-looking worm" which he tore off his hook and through down a well. Whilst the boy grew up and went abroad to fight, the worm grew in the well until it had the strength to climb out. Eventually it slithered out, basked on a rock during the day, and then coiled itself round the hill near Lambton Castle. It became the terror of the neighbourhood, eating sheep, lambs and cows, trampling cornfields and meadows. In desperation the farmers filled a trough in Lambton Castle with milk, and the worm drank the equivalent of the yield of nine cows every day. Many knights tried and failed to kill the worm. After seven years the young Lord of Lambton returned from battle. He consulted a witch who told him that after he had killed the worm, he must slay the first living thing he met, or the Lords of Lambton would be cursed, never to die in their beds for nine generations. Lord Lambton stood on a rock in the river, his armour studded with blades, and cut off part of the worm's tail. The worm coiled itself round the Lord's body and legs, and was cut by the spear blades on his armour. The Lord cut the creature into pieces, which were washed away by the River Wear. Seeing the death of the monster, the young Lord's father rushed to congratulate him. The son could not obey the witch's advise and so killed a hound which had come out of the wood. So the worm was slain, but it was said that for nine generations no Lord of Lambton died peacefully in his bed.
Site Name
Worm Hill
Site Type: Specific
Natural Feature
HER Number
7852
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Frank H. Rushford, c1950, Houghton le Spring: A History, pp 80-81; Raymond Selkirk, 2001, Chester-le-Street & its place in History, pp 350-352
SURVIVAL
100%
YEAR1
2005
English, British
ADDITINF
Y
AREA_STAT
Conservation Area
Class
Gardens Parks and Urban Spaces
COMP1
Jennifer Morrison
COMP2
Jennifer Morrison
Crossref
280
DAY1
04
DAY2
24
District
Sunderland
Easting
3431
Grid ref figure
8
Map Sheet
NZ34NW
MONTH1
10
MONTH2
12
Grid Reference
NZ
Northing
4993
General Period
20TH CENTURY
Specific Period
20th Century 1901 to 2000
Place
Houghton-le-Spring
Description
The Houghton Burn passes through the centre of Houghton. A Mr Coulson had an area of the burn excavated to create a lake. The lake is shown on the Ordnance Survey third edition map of 1919. It was a popular leisure resort for boating. The diversion of the burn affected the running of the flint mill (HER 3164) and so the owners protested for the stream to be restored to its former course. Eventually two brothers, Robinson, Darlington showmen, infilled the lake and made it into a showground where Houghton Feast (established to mark the anniversary of the dedication of St. Michael's Church) fairground was held. Also used as a football ground.
SITEASS
The site of the lake is recalled by the name "Lake Road".
Site Type: Broad
Water Feature
SITEDESC
The Houghton Burn passes through the centre of Houghton. In 1881 Joseph Coulson had an area of the burn excavated to create a lake. The lake is shown on the Ordnance Survey third edition map of 1919. It was a popular leisure resort for boating. The diversion of the burn affected the running of the flint mill (HER 3164) and so the owners protested for the stream to be restored to its former course. Eventually two brothers, Richardson (not Robertson as stated by several authors), Darlington showmen, infilled the lake and made it into a showground where Houghton Feast (established to mark the anniversary of the dedication of St. Michael's Church) fairground was held. Also used as a football ground. Houghton Burn was culverted in the 1930s. In 1967 a bus station was built on the site. Houghton Feast's fairground moved to Rectory Field on Dairy Lane. Today Houghton Enterprise Centre occupies the site of the lake.
Site Name
The Lake
Site Type: Specific
Ornamental Lake
HER Number
7851
Form of Evidence
Documentary Evidence
Sources
Frank H. Rushford, c1950, Houghton le Spring: A History, pp 32-33; Paul Lanagan, 2012, The ebb and flow of history guided The Lake's fortunes, Seaham and Houghton Star Wednesday 25 July 2012
SURVIVAL
None
YEAR1
2005
YEAR2
2013